ADAPTATION moderate 65,4 +4,6 22 ▲2
1) AFFORDABILITY good 78,0 -3,4 49 ▲2
1.1) Change in average food costs weak 46,0 -13,0 97 ↔ 1.2) Proportion of population under
very good 99,8 +0,1 =12 ↔
Series Score bar
chart Score Δ Ran
k Δ
1.3) Inequality-adjusted income index good 73,6 +0,4 23 ▼2
1.4) Agricultural trade good 76,0 -2,3 =18 ▲18
1.5) Food safety net programmes very good 100,0 0 =1 ↔
2) AVAILABILITY moderate 67,2 +6,0 =23 ▲26
2.1) Access to agricultural inputs moderate 67,1 0 =34 ▼6 2.2) Agricultural research and
development good 77,0 -3,3 7 ▼1
2.3) Farm infrastructure moderate 58,9 -4,7 =52 ▼21
2.4) Volatility of agricultural
production good 78,2 +13,6 =45 ▲26
2.5) Food loss good 75,7 +2,8 =62 ▲10
2.6) Supply chain infrastructure weak 50,8 -5,6 51 ▼10
2.7) Sufficiency of supply very good 86,8 0 =24 ▲1
2.8) Political and social barriers to
access weak 54,5 -9,5 =62 ▼16
2.9) Food security and access policy
commitments weak 52,5 +52,5 =27 ▲43
3) QUALITY AND SAFETY good 76,3 -3,0 =32 ↔
3.1) Dietary diversity moderate 69,7 +1,3 6 ▲3
3.2) Nutritional standards moderate 61,3 -27,4 =52 ▼28
3.3) Micronutrient availability good 71,1 0 54 ↔
3.4) Protein quality very good 85,9 -4,1 35 ▼3
3.5) Food safety very good 92,8 +15,5 =46 ▲22
4) SUSTAINABILITY AND
ADAPTATION moderate 65,4 +4,6 22 ▲2
4.1) Exposure good 70,6 0 46 ↔
4.2) Water very weak 36,2 0 =57 ▲1
4.3) Land weak 53,1 +0,1 88 ▼1
4.4) Oceans, rivers and lakes weak 44,3 0 =47 ↔
4.5) Political commitment to
adaptation very good 85,5 +23,9 21 ▲13
4.6) Disaster risk management very good 100,0 0 =1 ↔
Δ = change in score / rank, 2022 compared with 2019
▲ = Rank improved ▼ = Rank deteriorated ↔ = No change in rank
Rank out of 113 countries where 1=best. '=' denotes tie in rank.
Source: Global Food Security Index 2022
Table 5 Performance of Kazakhstan for the entire index period (2012-2022)
Source: Global Food Security Index 2022
Table 7 Level of self-sufficiency in socially significant food products in Kazakhstan
No. Socially significant food product 2019 2020 2021
1 Flour 205% 225% 199%
2 Bread, cakes and confectionery, bakery products 97% 96% 95%
3 Macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar flour products 108% 117% 124%
4 Eggs 106% 100% 99%
5 Buckweat 103% 109% 111%
6 Rice 172% 191% 177%
7 Sugar 45% 22% 42%
8 Sunflower oil 91% 102% 98%
9 Butter 90% 83% 98%
No. Socially significant food product 2019 2020 2021
10 Meat and poultry, edible offal 86% 86% 88%
11
12 Liquid processed milk and cream 103% 102% 101%
13 Fermented yoghurt, milk and cream 89% 89% 89%
14 Cheese and cottage cheese 59% 54% 56%
15 Potatoes 106% 108% 103%
16 Carrots 97% 97% 93%
17 Onions 97% 95% 89%
18 Cabbage 97% 98% 89%
19 Salt 270% 233% 234%
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data from Bureau of national statistics of the Agency for strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Table 8 Price change of socially significant food products in Kazakhstan, tenge/kg (if otherwise not stated)
No .
Socially significant food
product
2019 2020 2021 Change
2019-20 Change
2020-21 CAGR 2019-21 1 Wheat flour of the
1st grade 146 176 182 20% 4% 12%
2
Wheat bread from flour of the 1st grade
139 151 159 9% 5% 7%
3 Macaroni 271 316 352 17% 11% 14%
4 Eggs 1 category,
ten 266 304 384 15% 26% 20%
5 Buckwheat 255 377 481 48% 28% 37%
6 Rice, polished 354 375 367 6% -2% 2%
7 Sugar 228 214 276 -6% 29% 10%
8 Sunflower oil, liter 433 461 707 6% 53% 28%
9 Butter, unsalted 2 227 2 570 2 792 15% 9% 12%
No .
Socially significant food
product
2019 2020 2021 Change
2019-20 Change
2020-21 CAGR 2019-21
10 Beef with bones 1 666 1 896 2 160 14% 14% 14%
11 Chicken legs 788 825 864 5% 5% 5%
12 Pasteurized milk
2.5%, liter 233 253 251 8% 0% 4%
13 Buttermilk 2.5%,
liter 274 288 283 5% -2% 2%
14 Cottage cheese, 5-
9% 1 571 1 644 1 568 5% -5% 0%
15 Potato 97 117 147 20% 26% 23%
16 Carrot 116 116 170 -1% 47% 21%
17 Onion 106 94 95 -12% 1% -6%
18 White cabbage 125 93 103 -25% 10% -9%
19 Salt, except extra 52 52 54 0% 3% 2%
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data from Bureau of national statistics of the Agency for strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Table 9 Survey questions and answers Question 1
42.34%
57.66%
Choose your gender:
Male Female Question 2
13.51%
10.81%
27.93%
14.41%
33.33%
What age category do you belong to?
18-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 More 40
Question 3
2.70%
58.56%
9.01%
29.73%
Choose your marital status:
Widow/widower Married Divorced Single
Question 4
34.23%
14.41%
24.32%
13.51%
13.51%
How many children do you have?
0 1 2 3 More than 4
Question 5
Astana
Petropavlovsk
Almaty
Taraz
Akmolinskaya
Atyrau
Karaganda
Kyzylorda
Pavlodar
Turkestanskaya
57%
16%
10% 10%
3% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
What city or region do you live in?
Question 6
Employed/private business
Student
Unemployed
On maternity leave
Retired people
Other 75%
5% 5% 4% 3% 9%
Choose your employment?
Question 7
Private sector
Quasi-public sector
Public sector
International company
Not applicable
30% 23% 22%
9% 16%
If you are employed, in what field do you work?
Question 8
74.77%
12.61%
12.61%
During COVID-19, did you have any sources of income?
Yes
No (there were no sources of income during and before the pandemic)
No (lost job during the pandemic)
Question 9
54.95%
45.05%
Have you experienced any restrictions with physical movement to stores to purchase groceries during the COVID-19 pandemic?
No Yes
Question 10
26.13%
73.87%
Have you experienced a shortage of food items in stores during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Yes No Question 11
Did your family have any problems getting enough food during the pandemic?
Yes No
Question 12
68.47%
31.53%
Has the cost of food products increased in your region during the pandemic?
Yes No
Question 13
10.81%
89.19%
Have you reduced your food intake by reducing the portion of food or the number of meals due to the effects of the pandemic?
Yes No
Question 14
81.08%
18.92%
Has your diet changed in the direction of deterioration due to the replacement of food with cheaper alternatives?
No Yes
Question 15
27.93%
72.07%
Has the quality and safety of food changed during the pandemic?
Yes No
Subsidie s for 2019
1) reimbursement of part of the expenses incurred by the subject of the agro- industrial complex when making investments;
2) subsidizing within the framework of guaranteeing and insuring loans of subjects of the agro-industrial complex;
3) subsidizing the interest rate on credit and leasing obligations as part of the direction of financial rehabilitation of subjects of the agro-industrial complex;
4) subsidizing interest rates for lending, as well as leasing for the purchase of farm animals, machinery and technological equipment;
5) subsidizing procurement organizations in the agro-industrial complex of the amount of value added tax paid to the budget, within the limits of the calculated value added tax.
Subsidie s for 2020
1) reimbursement of part of the expenses incurred by the subject of the agro- industrial complex when making investments;
2) subsidizing within the framework of guaranteeing and insuring loans of subjects of the agro-industrial complex;
3) subsidizing the interest rate on credit and leasing obligations as part of the direction of financial rehabilitation of subjects of the agro-industrial complex;
4) subsidizing interest rates for lending, as well as leasing for the purchase of farm animals, machinery and technological equipment;
5) subsidizing procurement organizations in the agro-industrial complex of the amount of value added tax paid to the budget, within the limits of the calculated value added tax;
6) subsidizing coupon payments on bonds;
7) subsidizing the development of livestock breeding, increasing the productivity and quality of livestock products;
8) subsidizing the cost of pesticides, bioagents (entomophages) intended for treatment against harmful and especially dangerous pests with numbers above the economic threshold of harmfulness and quarantine objects;
9) subsidizing the development of seed production;
10) compensation to individuals and legal entities for the costs of planting and growing destroyed fruit and berry crops infected with fire blight;
11) subsidizing the production of priority crops;
12) subsidizing the cost of fertilizers (except for organic ones).
Subsidie s for 2021
1) reimbursement of part of the expenses incurred by the subject of the agro- industrial complex when making investments;
2) subsidies within the framework of guaranteeing and insuring loans of subjects of the agro-industrial complex;
3) subsidizing the interest rate on credit and leasing obligations as part of the direction of financial rehabilitation of subjects of the agro-industrial complex;
4) subsidizing interest rates for lending, as well as leasing for the purchase of farm animals, machinery and technological equipment;
5) subsidizing coupon payments on bonds;
6) subsidizing the cost of pesticides, bioagents (entomophages) intended for treatment against harmful and especially dangerous pests with numbers above the economic threshold of harmfulness and quarantine objects;
7) subsidizing the development of seed production;
8) compensation to individuals and legal entities for the costs of planting and growing destroyed fruit and berry crops infected with fire blight;
9) subsidizing the cost of fertilizers (except for organic ones).
Subsidie 1) subsidizing the development of livestock breeding, increasing the