The article presents the results of the zoogeographic of Cerambycidae beetles family structure studies on the of the entomological collection of the University Nature Museum. Zoogeographical analysis involves the genesis of the fauna individual elements assessing and union types which are similar in time and place of their origin in faunal complexes (belonging to a particular type of fauna). When you select a geographic com- plexes you should take into consideration not only the general character of the area and zonal-landscape at- tachment of species, but also known data about the centers of the origin. This analysis has shown that the Holarctic genera makes up the core of the Kazakh uplands fauna at the generic level, and unique species of the indo-malayan genera makes the smallest part of the collection.
Key words: Cerambycidae, vermin, zoogeographical structure, geographic complexes, cenoses, biogeographic regions, allochthonous fauna, autochthonous fauna.
The value of public collections (for example collections of national museums, research institutes or uni- versities) increases due to the fact that they are the repositories of type specimens that are biological system- atics act as carriers objective scientific name of a species or subspecies of living organisms and ensure their accessibility for further study. Museums now have scientific, historical, aesthetic value. They act as a carrier of unique and rare species and typical. The Zoological Museum conduct research on the taxonomy, faunistics, zoogeography, variation, comparative morphology and anatomy of animals, according to the theo- ry of evolution, that is, the historical development of wildlife; educational work is carried out with school- children and students, as well as a wide cultural and educational work in zoology, popularization and promo- tion of the idea of nature protection among the general population; consulted on zoological matters related to hunting, agriculture, forestry and medical zoology.
Cerambycidae spread almost all over the globe, where there is at least some forests in the north and even herbaceous vegetation in areas of warm and temperate climates. Their distribution is closely related to food plants, mainly with tree species. That is why most of their large number and variety of countries rich in woody vegetation, especially in the tropics [1].
Cerambycidae are involved in recycling dead wood as its primary destructors, therefore play an im- portant role in the life of the plant communities, especially the forest. Harm caused by the larvae of Cerambycidae forest is often more significant than the damage caused by any other pest. Since they do not only physiological, but also the technical damage, that while thousands of acres of timber are suitable only bad firewood [2].
Materials and methods
The object of research is the collection of beetles of the family Cerambycidae, containing specimens collected in Eurasia from 1918 to 2013. We have analyzed morphologically 420 copies, 120 of which belong to the fauna and Kazakhstan belong to 35 genera and 66 species.
The main purpose of the study was to clarify the systematic position and classification of species of Cerambycidae represented in the collection of the Museum of Nature and the first compilation of the materi- al composition of the collection and dissemination of Cerambycidae.
Identification, description and classification of specimens was carried out in the process of macroscopic shooting of beetle dried and labeled in duly carried out with a conventional camera Cannon. The study was conducted:
1) clarify the diagnosis of all types of collections;
2) macroscopic shooting of beetles;
3) the study of ecology, morphology, biology of collection species;
4) the statistical analysis of zoogeographical species of Cerambycidae collection from the collection of KarSU Nature Museum.
To conduct zoogeographical N.N.Plavilshchikov, A.I.Cherepan G.N.Gornostaev.
The study was produced by biocenotic and geographical featur particular distribution, origin and zoogeographical characteristic repre
Picture 1. Zoo fro Zoogeographical analysis is to volves an assessment of the genesis the place and time of their origin in has a certain systematic structure, i and higher taxonomic units. The stru nomic units. Also a great importanc differences in the distribution of its sent geographic elements fauna. Wh eral character of the area and landsc origin. This approach often turns ou gins [4].
Thus, the geographical analysi stituent species. But this is not enou of the species, how they got into the to these questions gives a historical species, but also genera. In carrying emerged within the study area, and w autochthonous elements, and the se mainly of species formed in the te marked relief, long periods of isola tain systems Karkaraly, Bayanaul, K in the recent past climate swings) fau
This analysis showed that the c genera (50 %). In second place — th portion of Holarctic and Palearctic the forest cenoses. Conventional c world, make up 13 %. A small pro munities and floodplain tugai fores collection — 3 % — is represented b
Thus, it was revealing, that th growing singly and pioneer habitats
50%
analysis, we used to insects of the most nov, A.S.Danilevskij, A.I.Il'inskij, B.M.M
Results and discussion
the composition of the review and synthesis res of the collection of the Museum of Nature habitat of species of Cerambycidae of our esentatives of the family Cerambycidae collection
ogeographical structure of Cerambycidae beetles famil om the collection of KarSU Nature Museum
reveal the main stages and ways of formation of s of the individual elements of fauna and species n faunal complexes (assignment to a particular typ
in other words, specific distribution of species b ucture of the fauna is known not only in the prop ce may be geographical analysis of fauna, i.e esta constituent species. Species that are different in hen you select a geographic complexes are cons cape-zonal attachment of species, but what is kno ut that the species having similar current distribu is of the fauna provides insight into the type of d ugh knowledge of the fauna. It is necessary to find e fauna and as the origin of each of them affects th (or genetic) analysis of the fauna. It is based on a g out its requires, first of all, to solve the problem
which were a result of the settlement of other cen econd — allochthonous (migration). The autoch erritory. They are formed in the centers of spec ation and the existence of relatively stable climat Kent, and others.). On the contrary, the vast plains
una are almost always allochthonous [5].
core of the fauna of the Kazakh uplands at the ge he elements, which are widespread in the Palearc elements is a large group species of Cerambycid osmopolitan species found in various landscape oportion of autochthonous associated with sageb
ts. It is Central and Eastern Asian genera (9 %) by unique species of Indomalayan genera.
he preference for many species of of Cerambyci s determine their abundance in azonal landscape
3%
9%
13%
25%
Indomalayan genera Central and Eastern A Cosmopolitan genera Palearctic genera Holarctic genera
famous authors. E.g.:
Mamaev, YU.V.Kostin,
s of the environmental, e barbel Kargu. After a collection, we learned n (Picture 1).
y
regional fauna [3]. It in- of similar association at pe of fauna). Each fauna between genera, families portion of different taxo- ablishing similarities and n a similar spread, repre-
idered not only the gen- own about the centers of ution, have different ori- dissemination of its con- d out the probable origin he propagation. Answers a study of areas, not only , what elements of fauna nters. The first are called hthonous flora composed ciation, characterized by te conditions (eg, moun- s (especially experienced eneric level up Holarctic ctic (25 %). A large pro- dae — the inhabitants of
e conditions around the rush-grass foothill com- ). The lowest part of the
idae collection of plants e elements and a greater
sian genera
share in the composition of arctic a Gaurotes, Acmaeop, Leptura, Judol Saperda, Acanthocinus, Monochamu The uniqueness of the collectio genus Rosalia — Rosalia alpina (Pic
This beetle has a length of 15–
and legs usually bluish hairs pronotu ble black pattern that is usually rep and a small spot in the apical third eighth antennal segments are at the t er than the body, the female shorter sions front back open basins. Distrib baijan, Kazakhstan possible (to be c nezh, Rostov, Samara (Lada) and C (Federal District), Kabardino-Balkar the collection — 1. A copy was brou It was also found the presence the Red Book of Kazakhstan. It — environmental significance — a rar portance of environmental protection
Picture 2. Rosalia alpi
Zoogeographical str
and alpine fauna Holarctic. They are as follows:
lia, Strangalia, Arhopalus, Tetropium, Callidium us.
on, among other things, makes it the only repres cture 2).
–38 mm. Color — black, in a light gray or bluis um with a black spot in the middle of the front ed presented marginal spot in the front third, in the d [6]. Sides of pronotum with a blunt tooth. The
top of the hair thick black brush. The antennae o r extend beyond the top of the elytra only the las bution: Europe, Middle East, Turkey, Lebanon, G confirmed), Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus. In Russ Chelyabinsk region., Krasnodar and Stavropol, K
ria, Chechnya, Ingushetia and Bashkortostan [7].
ught from Ukraine in 1978.
of two species in the collection of Cerambycida
— Dorcadіon balchashense (Picture 3), which bel re species, and Turkaromia pruinosa (Picture 4),
n сategory II — a decreasing species.
ina Picture 3. Dorcadіon
Picture 4. Turkaromia pruinosa
ructure of Cerambycidae …
:: Stenocorus, Evodinus, m, Xylotrechus, Rosalia, sentative Holarctic relict sh hairy cover; antennae dge; elytra with changea-
middle of the wide sash e third to sixth or third- f the male is much long- st two segments. Depres- Georgia, Armenia, Azer- sia, widespread in Voro- Karachayevo-Cherkessia
The number of prints in ae, which are included in longs to the category III which refers to the im-
n balchashense
Dorcadіon balchashense — the of 18 to 25 mm. Beetles are broad males have relatively developed sca or cream. This is — a rare species found in the vicinity of Dolinka (Ka khash). It inhabits the foothills of th velop in the grass, where they feed o tles feed on green leaves of grass. T in the habitats of species.
Turkaromia pruinosa — rare s The area as a small, covered basins species has a low number with a sh the negative impact of drainage of r quent fires in habitats.
Beetle has a length of 16 to 2 green, bronze, purple to blue, rarely Flight of the beetle to the period from
The larvae develop under the b woody shrub willows, sometimes ot individual takes up to three years. N mia textor.
Is a relict species, preserved in Another unique collection is a years old. Beetle was founded in 19 the museum received in exchange fo studying the dynamics of morphome
This species belongs to the so long and narrow episterny metathora short first segment of hind legs. Si shorter than the fourth.
This beetle has a length of Distribution: Afghanistan, India, Uzbekistan. Developing all kinds o other hardwoods: Platania, walnut, (rarely), birch, oak robur, hornbeam
Beetles fly from late April to e tude of 1000 meters above sea level
e species, that belongs to the Palearctic genera. B and massive. Antennae and lower leg is black, alp. In males, the scalp is only visible at the top el with a small habitat. It occurs in the northern B araganda region), in the mountains Bektau-Ata (n he valley and the foothills with sagebrush-grass on the roots of herbaceous plants, mainly from th The number is reduced due to the plowing of virgi
species with decreasing population. It belongs t of Ili and Karatal. It inhabits riparian forests. Ev harp reduction in the tendency to local populatio ivers, floodplains aridiizatsii, regulating the flow 28 mm. Coloration of the upper body with a met
black, sometimes pronotum partly red. The main m May to September.
bark at first, and then making their way deeper — ther trees. The larvae pupate in May and June. T Near the larvae in the wood musk barbel one host
the north-eastern part of Dzungaria since the Ter copy — Aeolesthes sarta (Picture 5). The age of 917 in the town of Chardzhou (now Turkmenab or Kazakh species. Availability of long-stored sp etric parameters of the family.
Picture 5. Aeolesthes sarta
outhern Palearctic genus. In Kazakhstan live 6 s ax, the length of which, at least four times the app imple, is not extended in a clove of antennal se 28–47 mm, dark gray-brown color, with silve Iran, China, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikist of poplar growing in Central Asia, tree willows apple wild plum, apple, apricot, plum, cherry, m, alder and linden.
early May (in the beginning of the flight of the m from the first decade of June), in the south, in Tu
Beetle has a body length hip is brown. Elytra fe- lytron. Bands are darkish Balkhash. In Kazakhstan, near Mountain Lake Bal-
habitats. The larvae de- he family of cereals. Bee- in lands and overgrazing to the Palearctic genera.
verywhere in Kazakhstan ons, the consequences of w of rivers, as well as fre-
tallic luster, varies from n forage plant — willow.
— into the wet wood and The life cycle of a single t plant often develop La- rtiary period.
f this beetle is nearly 100 at) in Turkmenistan and ecimens is important for
species. Special feature:
parent width is relatively egments, 9th segment is ery hairs on the elytra.
tan, Turkmenistan and , elm species and many mulberry, locust, maple mountains later, at an alti-
urkmenistan earlier — in
Zoogeographical structure of Cerambycidae …
mid-April. First with an average daily temperature above 20 ºС. Flight lasts for most of June (lagging in the mountains or before terminating in the south). Males live a little longer than females. The beetles do not feed, and almost do not fly, are nocturnal, emerging at dusk and hide for a day in the larval tunnels, under peeling bark.
Thus it was made a great contribution to the improvement of classification and knowledge of the species composition, distribution and biological characteristics of members of the family Cerambycidae — specialized insect herbivores, which are of great ecological and economic value.
The greatest variety in our collection different subfamily Lepturinae, and habitat with the greatest varie- ty of beetles — Karkaraly district elections and Bayanaul. This is due to the special climatic conditions (here the existence of large forest areas, providing a wide range of ecological niches for members of the family) these natural areas, are the most favorable for the spread of certain habitats and species in this subfamily.
For the first time gave an overview of the zonal differentiation of species collection of our museum that showed all its diversity, and by which, such a collection can be used in a variety of biological, ecological, geographical research.
References
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В.С.Абукенова, О.Г.Качур