Х А Б А Р Ш Ы С Ы

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ВЕСТНИК

НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК РЕСПУБЛИКИ

КАЗАХСТАН

Казахский национальный

педагогический университет имени Абая

THE BULLETIN

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical

University ISSN 2518-1467 (Online),

ISSN 1991-3494 (Print) ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ

ҰЛТТЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМ АКАДЕМИЯСЫНЫҢ

Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университетінің

PUBLISHED SINCE 1944

3 (403)

MAY-JUNE 2023

ALMATY, NAS RK

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БАС РЕДАКТОР:

ТҮЙМЕБАЕВ Жансейіт Қансейітұлы, филология ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА құрметті мүшесі, Әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ ұлттық университетінің ректоры (Алматы, Қазақстан)

БАС РЕДАКТОРДЫҢ ОРЫНБАСАРЫ:

БИЛЯЛОВ Дархан Нұрланұлы, PhD, ҚР ҰҒА құрметті мүшесі, Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университетінің ректоры (Алматы, Қазақстан), Н = 2

ҒАЛЫМ ХАТШЫ:

ӘБІЛҚАСЫМОВА Алма Есімбекқызы, педагогика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі, Абай атындағы ҚазҰПУ Педагогикалық білімді дамыту орталығының директоры (Алматы, Қазақстан), Н = 2

РЕДАКЦИЯ АЛҚАСЫ:

САТЫБАЛДЫ Әзімхан Әбілқайырұлы, экономика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі, Экономика институтының директоры (Алматы, Қазақстан), H = 5

САПАРБАЕВ Әбдіжапар Жұманұлы, экономика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА құрметті мүшесі, Халықаралық инновациялық технологиялар академиясының президенті (Алматы, Қазақстан), H = 6

ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО Ирина Григорьевна, экономика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор,

«Киево-Могилян академиясы» ұлттық университетінің кафедра меңгерушісі (Киев, Украина), H = 2 ШИШОВ Сергей Евгеньевич, педагогика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, К.

Разумовский атындағы Мәскеу мемлекеттік технологиялар және менеджмент университетінің кәсіптік білім берудің педагогикасы және психологиясы кафедрасының меңгерушісі (Мәскеу, Ресей), Н = 4

СЕМБИЕВА Ләззат Мыктыбекқызы, экономика ғылымдарының докторы, Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университетінің профессоры (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан), Н = 3

АБИЛЬДИНА Салтанат Қуатқызы, педагогика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, Е.А.Бөкетов атындағы Қарағанды мемлекеттік университеті педагогика кафедрасының меңгерушісі (Қарағанды, Қазақстан), Н = 3

БУЛАТБАЕВА Күлжанат Нурымжанқызы, педагогика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, Ы. Алтынсарин атындағы Ұлттық білім академиясының бас ғылыми қызметкері (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан), Н = 2

РЫЖАКОВ Михаил Викторович, педагогика ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, Ресей білім академиясының академигі, «Білім берудегі стандарттар және мониторинг» журналының бас редакторы (Мәскеу, Ресей), Н =2

ЕСІМЖАНОВА Сайра Рафихевна, экономика ғылымдарының докторы, Халықаралық бизнес университетінің профессоры, (Алматы, Қазақстан), H = 3

«Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық ғылым академиясының Хабаршысы».

ISSN 2518-1467 (Online), ISSN 1991-3494 (Print).

Меншіктенуші: «Қазақстан Республикасының Ұлттық ғылым академиясы» РҚБ (Алматы қ.).

Қазақстан Республикасының Ақпарат және коммуникациялар министрлігінің Ақпарат комитетінде 12.02.2018 ж. берілген

№ 16895-Ж мерзімдік басылым тіркеуіне қойылу туралы куәлік.

Тақырыптық бағыты: әлеуметтік ғылымдар саласындағы зерттеулерге арналған.

Мерзімділігі: жылына 6 рет.

Тиражы: 300 дана.

Редакцияның мекен-жайы: 050010, Алматы қ., Шевченко көш., 28, 219 бөл., тел.: 272-13-19 http://www.bulletin-science.kz/index.php/en/

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ГЛАВНЫЙ РЕДАКТОР:

ТУЙМЕБАЕВ Жансеит Кансеитович, доктор филологических наук, профессор, почетный член НАН РК, ректор Казахского национального университета им. аль-Фараби (Алматы, Казахстан)

ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛЬ ГЛАВНОГО РЕДАКТОРА:

БИЛЯЛОВ Дархан Нурланович, PhD, почетный член НАН РК, ректор Казахского национального педагогического университета им. Абая (Алматы, Казахстан), Н = 2

УЧЕНЫЙ СЕКРЕТАРЬ:

АБЫЛКАСЫМОВА Алма Есимбековна, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, академик НАН РК, директор Центра развития педагогического образования КазНПУ им. Абая (Алматы, Казахстан), Н = 2

РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯ:

САТЫБАЛДИН Азимхан Абылкаирович, доктор экономических наук, профессор, академик НАН РК, директор института Экономики (Алматы, Казахстан), H = 5

САПАРБАЕВ Абдижапар Джуманович, доктор экономических наук, профессор, почетный член НАН РК, президент Международной академии инновационных технологий (Алматы, Казахстан), H = 6

ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО Ирина Григорьевна, доктор экономических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой Национального университета «Киево-Могилянская академия» (Киев, Украина), H = 2

ШИШОВ Сергей Евгеньевич, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой педагогики и психологии профессионального образования Московского государственного университета технологий и управления имени К. Разумовского (Москва, Россия), Н = 4

СЕМБИЕВА Ляззат Мыктыбековна, доктор экономических наук, профессор Евразийского национального университета им. Л.Н. Гумилева (Нур-Султан, Казахстан), Н = 3

АБИЛЬДИНА Салтанат Куатовна, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой педагогики Карагандинского университета имени Е.А.Букетова (Караганда, Казахстан), Н=3

БУЛАТБАЕВА Кулжанат Нурымжановна, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Национальной академии образования имени Ы. Алтынсарина (Нур- Султан, Казахстан), Н = 3

РЫЖАКОВ Михаил Викторович, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, академик Российской академии образования, главный редактор журнала «Стандарты и мониторинг в образовании» (Москва, Россия), Н=2

ЕСИМЖАНОВА Сайра Рафихевна, доктор экономических наук, профессор Университета международного бизнеса (Алматы, Казахстан), H = 3

«Вестник Национальной академии наук Республики Казахстан».

Собственник: РОО «Национальная академия наук Республики Казахстан» (г. Алматы).

Свидетельство о постановке на учет периодического печатного издания в Комитете информации Министерства информации и коммуникаций и Республики Казахстан № 16895-Ж, выданное 12.02.2018 г.

Тематическая направленность: посвящен исследованиям в области социальных наук.

Периодичность: 6 раз в год.

Тираж: 300 экземпляров.

Адрес редакции: 050010, г. Алматы, ул. Шевченко, 28, ком. 219, тел. 272-13-19 http://www.bulletin-science.kz/index.php/en/

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EDITOR IN CHIEF:

TUIMEBAYEV Zhanseit Kanseitovich, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Honorary Member of NAS RK, Rector of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Almaty, Kazakhstan).

DEPUTY CHIEF DIRECTOR:

BILYALOV Darkhan Nurlanovich, Ph.D, Honorary Member of NAS RK, Rector of Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), H = 2

SCIENTIFIC SECRETARY;

ABYLKASSYMOVA Alma Esimbekovna, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Executive Secretary of NAS RK, President of the International Academy of Innovative Technology of Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University (Almaty, Kazakhstan), Н = 2

EDITORIAL BOARD:

SATYBALDIN Azimkhan Abilkairovich, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Аcademician of NAS RK, Director of the Institute of Economics (Almaty, Kazakhstan), H = 5

SAPARBAYEV Abdizhapar Dzhumanovich, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honorary Member of NAS RK, President of the International Academy of Innovative Technology (Almaty, Kazakhstan) H = 4

LUKYANENKO Irina Grigor’evna, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of the National University “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” (Kiev, Ukraine) H = 2

SHISHOV Sergey Evgen’evich, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Professional Education of the Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K. Razumovsky (Moscow, Russia), Н = 6

SEMBIEVA Lyazzat Maktybekova, Doctor of Economic Science, Professor of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan), H = 3

ABILDINA Saltanat Kuatovna, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pedagogy of Buketov Karaganda University (Karaganda, Kazakhstan), Н = 3

BULATBAYEVA Kulzhanat Nurymzhanova, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the National Academу of Education named after Y. Altynsarin (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan), H = 2

RYZHAKOV Mikhail Viktorovich, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Editor-in-chief of the journal «Standards and monitoring in education» (Moscow, Russia), Н = 2

YESSIMZHANOVA Saira Rafikhevna, Doctor of Economics, Professor at the University of International Business (Almaty, Kazakhstan), H = 3.

Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Owner: RPA «National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan» (Almaty). The certificate of registration of

a periodical printed publication in the Committee of information of the Ministry of Information and Communications

of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 16895-Ж, issued on 12.02.2018.

Thematic focus: it is dedicated to research in the field of social sciences.

Periodicity: 6 times a year.

Circulation: 300 copies.

Editorial address: 28, Shevchenko str., of. 220, Almaty, 050010, tel. 272-13-19 http://www.bulletin-science.kz/index.php/en/

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ЭКОНОМИКА–ЭКОНОМИКА–

EKONOMICS

BULLETIN OF NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

ISSN 1991-3494

Volume 3. Number 403 (2023), 267-280 https://doi.org/10.32014/2023.2518-1467.508

UDC 339.142 (339.92) SCSTI 06.61.33; 06.71.15

©А. Abdimomynova¹*, А. Zhaishylyk¹, V. Kim¹, E. Temirbekova¹, A. Alibekova², 2023

1Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan;

2Kyzylorda Open University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan.

Е-mail: [email protected]

ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGION:

STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND FORMATION OF PRIORITIES

Abdimomynova Almakul Shakirbekovna ― Candidate of economics, Department of Economics and Management of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan

E-mail: [email protected], https://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-2237-7699;

Zhaishylyk Aidana Palybekkyzy ― doctoral student of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-5482;

Kim Venera Vladimirovna ― Master of Economics, Senior lecturer of the Department of Economics and Management of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1758-8940;

Temirbekova Elmira Temirbekovna ― Master of Economics, Senior lecturer of the Department of Economics and Management of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-3978;

Alibekova Aigul Bekhozhayevna ― Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Socio-Economic Specialties, Kyzylorda Open University

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-9484.

Abstract. The region as a form of territorial organization of production is included in the single national market as a subsystem, the functioning of which depends on solving the problems of systemic integrity. As it is known, the concept of a system is based on the mutual connection and conditionality of the elements that form in the aggregate a certain whole with the method and forms of existence characteristic of it. Constantly changing macroeconomic conditions require the development of regional programs that contribute to the sustainable development of the regions of

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Kazakhstan, which implies a balanced development of their economic, social and environmental subsystems. The search for a model for further economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan is associated with the need to take into account the originality of the characteristics of the production potential, the unevenness of territorial location. The problem of more intensive use of favorable and limiting the action of negative regional factors, taking into account the peculiarities of the socio-economic situation in its regions acquires an important role, and improving the efficiency of the economy will depend on how they are solved problems in the regions of the country. Success must be achieved more at the expense of internal reserves and requires such multifaceted, long-term activities capable of effectively affecting all stages of the innovation process in the region. In this research approaches are laid out for assessing the use of economic potential and the degree of its impact on the economic indicators of the development of Kyzylorda region.

Keywords: region, economic potential, gross regional product, export potential, economic security of the region

©А. Абдимомынова¹*, А. Жайшылық¹, И. Ким¹, Э. Темирбекова¹, A. Алибекова², 2023

1Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университеті, Қызылорда, Қазақстан;

2Қызылорда ашық университеті, Қызылорда, Қазақстан.

ӨҢІРДІҢ ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ӘЛЕУЕТІ: ҚҰРЫЛЫМДЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ ЖӘНЕ БАСЫМДЫҚТАРДЫ ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ

Абдимомынова Алмакул Шакирбековна ― экономика ғылымдарының кандидаты, Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университетінің «Экономика және менеджмент» кафедрасы, Қызылорда қ., Қазақстан

E-mail: [email protected], https://www.orcid.org/ 0000-0002-2237-7699;

Жайшылық Айдана Палыбекқызы ― Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университетінің докторанты, Қызылорда, Қазақстан

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-5482;

Ким Венера Владимировна ― экономика ғылымдарының магистрі, Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университетінің «Экономика және менеджмент» кафедрасының аға оқытушысы E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1758-8940;

Темірбекова Эльмира Темірбекқызы ― экономика магистрі, Қорқыт Ата атындағы Қызылорда университетінің «Экономика және менеджмент» кафедрасының аға оқытушысы

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-3978;

Алибекова Айгүл Бекхожайқызы ― э.ғ.к., Қызылорда ашық университеті «Әлеуметтік- экономикалық мамандықтар» кафедрасының аға оқытушысы

E-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0647-9484.

Аннотация. Өңір өндірісті аумақтық ұйымдастыру нысаны ретінде бірыңғай ұлттық нарыққа енгізілген, оның жұмыс істеуі жүйелік тұтастық проблемаларын шешумен байланысты. Жүйе ұғымы өзіне тән өмір сүру тәсілі мен формаларымен бірге белгілі біртұтас элементтердің өзара байланысы

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мен шарттылығына негізделген. Үнемі өзгеріп отыратын макроэкономикалық жағдайлар Қазақстан өңірлерінің орнықты дамуына ықпал ететін өңірлік бағдарламаларды әзірлеуді талап етеді, бұл олардың экономикалық, әлеуметтік және экологиялық кіші жүйелерінің теңгерімді дамуын білдіреді. Қазақстан Республикасының экономикалық даму моделін қалыптастыру өндірістік әлеует сипаттамаларының өзіндік ерекшелігін, аумақтық орналасуының әркелкілігін ескеру қажеттілігімен байланысты. Қолайлы жағдайларды неғұрлым қарқынды пайдалану және оның аймақтарындағы әлеуметтік-экономикалық жағдайдың ерекшеліктерін ескере отырып, теріс аймақтық факторлардың әсерін шектеу мәселесі маңызды рөл атқарады және экономиканың тиімділігін арттыру ел аймақтарындағы проблемалардың қалай шешілетініне байланысты болады.

Табысқа көбінесе ішкі резервтер есебінен қол жеткізілуі тиіс және өңірдегі инновациялық процестің барлық кезеңдеріне тиімді әсер ете алатын осындай көп қырлы, ұзақ мерзімді қызметті талап етеді. Осы зерттеуде Қызылорда облысының экономикалық даму көрсеткіштеріне экономикалық әлеуеттің пайдаланылуын және оның әсер ету дәрежесін бағалау тәсілдері баяндалған.

Түйін сөздер: өңір, экономикалық әлеует, жалпы өңірлік өнім, экспорттық әлеует, өңірдің экономикалық қауіпсіздігі

©А. Абдимомынова¹*, А. Жайшылык¹, И. Ким¹, Э. Темирбекова¹, A. Алибекова², 2023

1Кызылординский университет имени Коркыт Ата, Кызылорда, Казахстан;

2Кызылординский открытый университет, Кызылорда, Казахстан.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ РЕГИОНА: СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПРИОРИТЕТОВ

Абдимомынова Алмакуль Шакирбековна ― кандидат экономических наук, кафедра экономики и менеджмента Кызылординского университета имени Коркыт Ата, Кызылорда, Казахстан Е-mail: [email protected], https://www.orcid.org/0000-0002-2237-7699;

Жайшылык Айдана Палыбеккызы ― докторант Кызылординского университета имени Коркыт Ата, Кызылорда, Казахстан

Е-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-5482;

Ким Венера Владимировна ― магистр экономики, старший преподаватель кафедры экономики и менеджмента Кызылординского университета имени Коркыт Ата

Темирбекова Эльмира Темирбековна ― магистр экономики, старший преподаватель кафедры экономики и менеджмента Кызылординского университета имени Коркыт Ата

Алибекова Айгуль Бехожаевна ― кандидат экономических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры социально-экономических специальностей, Кызылординский открытый университет Е-mail: [email protected], https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0647-9484.

Аннотация. Регион как форма территориальной организации производства включен в единый национальный рынок как подсистема, функционирование

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которой зависит от решения проблем системной целостности. Как известно, понятие системы основано на взаимной связи и обусловленности элементов, образующих в совокупности определенное целое с характерными для него способом и формами существования. Постоянно меняющиеся макро эконо- мические условия требуют разработки региональных программ, способ ствую- щих устойчивому развитию регионов Казахстана, что подразумевает сбалан- сированное развитие их экономической, социальной и экологической подсистем.

Поиск модели дальнейшего экономического развития Республики Казахстан связан с необходимостью учета своеобразия характеристик производственного потенциала, неравномерности территориального расположения. Проблема более интенсивного использования благоприятных и ограничения действия негативных региональных факторов с учетом особенностей социально-экономической ситуации в ее регионах приобретает важную роль, и повышение эффективности экономики будет зависеть от того, как будут решаться проблемы в регионах страны. Успех должен достигаться в большей степени за счет внутренних резервов и требует такой многогранной, долгосрочной деятельности, способной эффективно влиять на все этапы инновационного процесса в регионе. В данном исследовании изложены подходы к оценке использования экономического потенциала и степени его влияния на экономические показатели развития Кызылординской области.

Ключевые слова: регион, экономический потенциал, валовой региональный продукт, экспортный потенциал, экономическая безопасность региона

Introduction

The region as a market and a system of national economy with specific and global interests, interrelated goals are characterized by the dialectics of the general and the separate. The unity of the general and the separate objectively presupposes the possibility of internal contradictions between them and, moreover, the absence of such contradictions means the absence of movement, development. The Basic Economic Law determining the internal unity of production and consumption contains contradictions associated with the justification of the proportions between consumption and accumulation with the natural differentiation of the standard of living in individual regions. Satisfaction of the needs of the population is not only due to local production, but also due to the import of products from other areas. The dependence of the region on external relations in the line of production and non- production consumption is as stronger as higher the level of territorial division of labor. In this sense, the implementation of the basic economic law in terms of the growth of consumption of material goods is associated with the development of a single national complex, the direction of action of which coincides with the direction of action of the laws of rational functioning of the system as a whole (Alshanov, 2004).

Today the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are under pressure from a number of internal and external factors. The world market also contributes presenting demand

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only for certain types of raw materials, mainly fuel and energy. As a result if in the raw material regions there is stabilization and even some growth, then the regions of the republic developed in the past, provided with highly qualified personnel and high population density, have experienced a deep decline in production and are slowly moving towards growth. Differences between regions in terms of the standard of living of the population are also growing, which causes social tension and affects interethnic relations. All these phenomena, as well as the huge scale of the territory, the diversity of natural and climatic conditions and other factors necessitate the realization of the inherent opportunities and the formation of a strong regional policy, both from the center and regional state structures.

Kyzylorda region has always attracted increased attention for researchers. This is due to the fact that the region belongs to the regions of environmental disaster, is located in the vicinity of the Baikonur cosmodrome, has a certain resource potential to strengthen the place of the republic on the world stage, etc.

The economy of Kyzylorda region is one of the smallest (GRP per capita) regions of the country. The growth rate of the region has almost always had negative values.

The role of the region is most significant in the formation of gross value added (GVA) of the extractive sector, transport and the social bloc (public administration, education and health). In manufacturing, the region's share of the country's GVA is negligible in all industries. Imports of the region are small, in the manufacturing industry it mainly consists of machinery and ore.

The region was a net exporter, due to the export of oil and uranium to China.

Despite the decline in exports of the extractive sector by almost 90% in 5 years, the region is still characterized by low diversification.

At the same time, the region has an extremely low "complexity" of the export basket (the last place among the regions), which is based on rice, salt, sand, uranium and fish fillet. The growth of exports in 2021–2022 was due to an increase in the supply of oil and petroleum products to Asian countries, precious metals to Russia and Canada.

Materials and research methods

The study of scientific literature showed that the economic or socio-economic potential is understood as the total characteristic of resource opportunities in a particular field of management.

In the economic dictionary, "economic potential" is defined as a totality, the possibility of the national economy as a whole and a separate economic region of the state to create a certain amount of consumer values at a given level of development of the productive forces of society and the effectiveness of their use Raizberg B.A. etc.

(Raizberg, 2007). But a number of other scientists considered the concept of economic potential in a narrow sense. Under economic potential Krasovsky V. understands only its investment complex (Krasovsky, 2011). Other authors Akberdin R.Z. understands as sectoral or other proportions of reproduction and their functional relationships (Akberdin, 2001).

Bulatov A.S. notes that the functioning of national economies and the entire world economy is based on economic resources, i.e. factors of production. These include:

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natural and labor resources, capital in the form of real capital in the form of means of production or financial in monetary form, entrepreneurial, as well as scientific resources - scientific and technical, information knowledge (Bulatov, 2000).

Meanwhile it is necessary to agree with the Kazakh authors on the issue that in the economic literature, firstly, there are several approaches to the definition of the concept of economic potential, and secondly, with the fact that they poorly reflect regional aspects (Baymuratov et al., 1999). Thus, according to Kazakhstani scientists, the most acceptable approach of Veselovsky M.Y. is the most acceptable for the conditions of the studied region and the stage of economic development (Veselovsky, 2015). A significant addition to the definition of the essence and content of economic potential is the definition given by Kadochnikov S., which takes into account the degree of use of the available economic and production potential (Kadochnikov, 2013).

Collectively economic resources form the potential of either the national economy, the region of the world or the entire world economy. In this sense, it is necessary to agree with the approach of Tazhieva Z.D., who notes that "economic potential is a synthetic concept that characterizes the development of economic productive forces and economic relations and consists of some aggregate potential depending on the level of economic entities under consideration which in turn, is determined by such features of production systems as the scale and nature of activity" (Tazhieva, 2003).

Thus, we can say that the concept of "economic potential" in economic science included factors of production (natural and climatic, fixed assets, labor resources) in quantitative and qualitative assessment.

Based on the above research, scientists who have studied this phenomenon, we distinguish the following three blocks as the main elements:

– quantity and quality of natural resources. The "Natural Resources" block combines indicators and indicators that characterize: the availability of natural resources in the region, belonging to the components of nature: forest, water, minerals and others, their use in the material and intangible sphere, ecological and economic characteristics of the exploitation of natural resources;

– quantity and quality of labor resources. The block "Labor resources" includes indicators characterizing the social and demographic state of the population: the number and composition, location and movement of the population of the region;

indicators that determine the patterns of population development, which include indicators of reproduction and migration, unemployment and labor productivity, nominal and real wages of one employee; the structure of consumer incomes and expenditures of the population; the state of education, science, culture and health;

– the level of use of production potential. The level of use of production potential includes indicators characterizing the state of fixed capital: fixed assets of economic sectors, production capacities, the volume of capital investments, etc., which give a comprehensive description of the technical and technological level of production.

How rationally selected and connected to the system and used elements of economic nature: resources, property, personnel, money, scientific achievements, as well as defined, and the need for them to achieve and develop economically significant

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results for society is satisfied, the analysis of the economic potential of the Kyzylorda region will show.

We have also calculated the Herfindahl-Hirschman index for the concentration of exports of the Kyzylorda region. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index is an indicator of the level of monopolization of the market, defined as the sum of squares of the percentage shares of the market occupied by each of its participants. It is assumed that the greater the share of the enterprise's products in the industry, the greater the potential for the emergence of a monopoly. When calculating the index, all businesses are ranked by specific gravity from highest to lowest (Hirschman, 2011):

HHI = S²₁ + S²₂ + ... + S²_n

as: S_i ― market share of the i-th firm, n - the number of firms in the market.

Thus, it is proved that the region has a low level of export diversification, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index tends to decrease.

Results and discussion

In 2022 year the GRP of Kyzylorda region amounted to 1.8 trillion tenge. The region is on the 15th place in terms of indicator among the regions of Kazakhstan (3.1

% of GDP). The average annual growth rate was 3 % over the past 5 years.

When recalculated per capita the region ranked 13th with a value equal to 2.3 million tenge per person, which is 1.7 times less than the republican indicator. If for 5 years the average republican indicator increased by 38 %, then in the Kyzylorda region it grew by 41 % (Figure 2).

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Kazakhstan Kyzylorda region

3,4 3,8 2,6 3,0

2,1 2,3 2,3 2,3

2,0 1,8 2,1

1,5 1,7 1,8

Note: developed by the authors based on the source Figure 2 - GRP per capita, million tenge

In 2022 in the structure of GRP of the region, services amounted to 45.6 % or 833.8 billion tenge.

The share of the region in the GVA of the branches of the Republic of Kazakhstan exceeds its share in the GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 5 industries. The largest

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share falls on the mining sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan – 5 %. Also the region occupies a relatively high share in the transport and warehousing industry, as well as in areas with significant state participation (public administration, education and healthcare).

The region is in the top 3 in the country for the production of 6 goods, including 1st place in the production of food salt (98 % of the country's production), rice (95 %), salt and sodium chloride (73 %) (Table 1).

Table 1. Goods for the production of which Kyzylorda region is in the top 3 in the country, in physical terms, 2022

Product Production

in the region Production in Kazakhstan Part

area Region place

Iodized salt, tons 249 476,00 253 647,00 98 % 1

Food salt, tons 49 476,00 261 614,00 95 % 1

Rice half-collapsed or completely collapsed or peeled,

or split, tons 134 271,00 144 223,00 93 % 1

Pure sodium salt and chloride, sea water, tons 734 930,00 1 012 098,00 73 % 1 Construction prefabricated concrete structures, tons 168 659,00 1 040 274,00 16 % 2 crude oil (natural mixture of carbohydrate genera),

including oil derived from bituminous minerals,

thousand tons 5 564,50 78 615,40 7 % 3

Note – Compiled by the authors based on the source

The region's trade turnover with partner countries amounted to $633.4 million US dollars in 2022 years, which is 30.3 % lower compared to the previous year. In comparison with 2016 year, external trade decreased by 88.5 % (6 times) (Regions of Kazakhstan. Statistical collection, 2022)

Exports decreased by 31.6% over the year, imports decreased by 26.6 %. At the same time the region was still a net exporter: exports (71.8 % of turnover) had a share of imports (28.2 %) of the region. In general, exports amount to 455 million US dollars, imports ― 177 million US dollars.

The main export commodity of the region in 2022 was crude oil and natural gas, exported was 328 million US dollars (72 % of total exports). The main trading partner:

China in the second place - precious base metals and non-ferrous metals, total was exported in the amount of 38.8 million US dollars (8.5 % of total exports). The main markets for these products: Canada, Russia and France. The region's largest export partner was China, which accounted for 72.3 % ($329 million) of the region's exports, the main commodity exported for $328 million US dollars – crude oil (Table. 2).

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Table 2. Exports of Kyzylorda region by the main importing countries (more than 5 %) and main export goods, 2022

Country Exports, mln.

US dollars Part Main export goods Export, mln.

US dollars Russia 52,0 22,0 % milk and cream, non-condensed and without

added sugar 9,3

waste and other scrap 7,9

rape seeds, or colza 3,2

Afghanistan 38,1 16,1 %

wheat flour or wheat-rust flour 29,5

other wheat and olives 4,6

flax seeds, crushed or uncoiled 1,8

China 35,2 14,9 % rapeseed oil 13,9

cake from rapeseed or colza seeds 8,9

Uzbekistan 25,1 10,6 % other wheat and olives 20,1

sunflower seeds 1,1

wheat waste 1,0

Iran 17,4 7,3 % other barley 17,3

other wheat and olives 0

Belgium 15,1 6,4 % flax seeds, crushed or uncoiled 15,1 Poland 14,7 6,2 % flax seeds, crushed or uncoiled 12,6

mustard seeds 0,4

According to tax payments the main enterprise of the manufacturing industry in 2022 was LP «SKZ-U» which was engaged in the production of other basic inorganic chemicals. This enterprise accounted for 2.0 % of tax payments of manufacturing enterprises.

In the second place is LP « CNEC» which was engaged in geological exploration and surveys.

According to the size of the enterprises the top 10 enterprises of the sector consisted of 4 large, 2 medium and 4 small. 2 of them are exporters mainly large enterprises (Table 3.)

Table 3. Top 10 manufacturing enterprises in Kyzylorda region by tax payments, 2022

Enterprise Part Branch Size Exporter

LP «SKZ-U» 2,0 % Production of other major

inorganic- Chemical Chemistry Large (251–500) - LP CNEC» 1,1 % Geological exploration and

surveys Large (251–500) -

LP «Novomet-Kazakhstan» 1,1 % Repair of machines and equipment Small (51–100) - JSC "Araltuz" 1,1 % Salt production Large (251–500) + LP «Nai-Mir» 0,5 % Production of flour milling

products cereal industry Small (51–100) -

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LP «Petroleum Technology» 0,4 % Repair of machines and equipment Average

(101–150) -

LP "MAGZHAN and K" 0,4 % Rice cultivation Large (251–500) + LP «DPS KYZY-LORDA» 0,3 % Technical services in the field of

mining industrial Small (51–00) - LP «Hezhuba Company

ShielyTsement» 0,3 % Production of cements including

clinkers Average (201–

250) -

LP «HuaYu International in

Kyzylorda» 0,3 % Organic chemistry Small (21–30)

-

Note - Compiled by the authors based on the source

A special place in the region is given to the support and development of manufacturing enterprises. Among the measures various methods of financing and lending can be noted. So in 2021–2022 years financing from the Fund for Economic and Social Development of the Kyzylorda FEZ allowed to resume the activities of idle enterprises: JSC "Kyzylordarismash", shoe factory, poultry farm and JSC CHP after the accident. Simplification of the credit activities of financial institutions made it possible to accelerate the development of such enterprises as JV "Aman-Er",

"Kyzylordaagroremmash", JSC "Bereke-nan", producing export-oriented and import- replacing goods, as well as the emergence of such enterprises as the rice production plant "Syr Marzhan - Export" of LP "Yaksart" (produced in South Korea) with the output of high-quality rice corresponding to world standards – 72 %, wine - vodka of LP "Genres" with a capacity of 300 thousand dollars a year, mini refinery "Credos", etc.In order to use effectively objects of state ownership, real support for entities engaged in production activities, work is underway to transfer objects to small businesses with the condition of using them for production purposes. As of January 1, 2005, 4818 small business entities - legal entities were registered in the region, 4268 of which are operating. The number of farms in the region is 2181 units, and the number of people employed in them is 10.3 thousand people (Socio-economic development of Kyzylorda regin, 2022).

On the scale of the republic the share of the region during this period increased from 1.67 to 2.0, despite the flow of capital to the oil and gas sector which caused a decrease in the number of agricultural formations.

A special place in the characteristic of the potential of the region's economy belongs to the quality and structure of the market infrastructure of social and production infrastructure facilities. Among them the transport industry stands out. Road transport enterprises of the region are mainly demonopolized, structural transformations have been completed, and thus a competitive environment has been created in the region.

The structure of the transport infrastructure is such that urban and road transport occupy leading positions in it as well as air transport.

It should be noted that the industrial transformation of the region caused an increase in the number of transport organizations serving the region at the level of republican significance which cannot be stated at the regional level.

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In 2022 the region exported 10 goods with an identified comparative advantage (with the RCA index>1). The region occupied the largest shares in the export of rice, fish fillet and salt (Table 4).

Table 4. Goods for which Kyzylorda region has high indicators on the index "Country identified comparative advantage", 2022

HS Name Export of Kyzylorda region,

thousand US dollars RCA Share in export of RK, %

100640 Crushed rice (rice-cut) 6 869,4 128,5 100 %

250100 Salt (including table salt and

denatured) and chloride sodium pure 14 185,3 127,8 99 % 100630 Semi-collapsed or fully collapsed rice 14 540,1 119,5 93 % 284190 Other salts of ox metallic or

peroxometallic acid 2 222,0 79,4 62 %

030389 Other frozen fish 1 665,1 26,1 20 %

030489 Fish fillet ice cream 7 104,6 25,5 20 %

271112 Propane liquefied 11 134,1 3,3 3 %

284410 Natural uranium 38 880,3 3,2 3 %

271119 Liquefied petroleum gases 1 362,5 3,2 2 %

252329 Portland cement other 1 891,0 2,9 2 %

Note - Compiled by the authors based on the source

The potential for export of goods of the metallurgical industry with high identified comparative advantages to priority export areas is $ 39.7 million US dollars [Abdimomynova, 2018].

According to our calculations, with the ratio of exports to the region's production volumes was 0,4; while the same indicator for the Republic of Kazakhstan was equal to 0,5. This indicates that the manufacturing industry of the region is less focused on the foreign market.

In 2022 the region had a low level of export diversification. The Herfindahl- Hirschman index fell for 6 years (Table 5).

Table 5. Concentration of exports in Kyzylorda region

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Herfindahl-Hirschman Index 0,9636 0,9518 0,8435 0,8038 0,6690 0,6303 0,5

Calculations at the level of 6 signs of HS

Share of the 5 most exported products 99,7% 99,4% 99,1% 98,2 % 97,5 % 95,3 % 45 % Share of the 10 most exported products 99,8% 99,9% 99,9% 99,7 % 99,5 % 99,2 % 57 % Share of the 20 most exported products 99,9% 100% 100% 100 % 99,9 % 99,8 % 70 % The number of goods whose export

volume exceeds 1 million US dollars 9 8 8 8 8 10 10

Number of goods whose export volume

10 million US dollars 3 5 3 3 4 5 5

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The shares of the 5th, 10th and 20 most exported goods amounted to 45 %, 57 % and 70 %, respectively. For all three indicators there is a decrease in values for 6 years.

The number of goods with an export volume of more than 1 million US dollars grew from 9 million to 10 in 6 years while with a volume of goods of 10 million US dollars – from 3 to 5.

Conclusions

On the basis of the economic indicators of the region the authors made a calculation on the sufficiency and security of the region for the production of food and non-food products: Stage I - imported goods; Stage II – non-recyclable goods; ІІІ stage ― insufficiently produced goods.

According to the results of the calculation, we came to the conclusion that the region today will not be able to provide the population with essential goods, which means that there is a weak provision of food and even economic security.

For example, sunflower oil, per capita norms of food consumption (per person) (n/a) – 12 kg per year; own production: no; deficit – 100 %. Also for such types of products as butter with general production – 0.9 %; deficit - 99.1 %; with the general production of eggs – 4 %; deficit is – 96 %; poultry meat and sausages – 0.3 %/ 99.7 %. And such types of essential products: sugar, wheat flour, pasta, sour cream, buckwheat, tea, canned meat and fish, etc. there is no own production, and the deficit is 100 %. To fully cover the residents of the Kyzylorda region with these products, it is necessary to have workshops, mini-plants, projects – 17.3; with the attraction of investments in the amount of 476.2 million tenge, 63,145 heads of large cattle are required per year.

On non-produced and import non-food goods as washing powder, toilet paper, soap is not own production, and the deficit is – 100 %.

According to the III stage ― insufficiently produced non-food products of its own (regional) production for such types of goods as a duvet cover, sheet, pillow case, pillow, mattress, etc. there is also no production and the deficit is – 100 %. For full coverage of residents of Kyzylorda region with these products, workshops, mini- plants, projects are needed ― 4,870; with the attraction of investments in the amount of 22,762.6 million tenge.

According to the methodology the process of import substitution of imported goods can be carried out in three ways:

1. Import substitution at the expense of exporters. This way is the most possible, as exporting producers will expand production and work on the local market. Thus, there is no need to create new productions. But this method contradicts our goal of developing and promoting exports, there is a risk of redirecting export supplies within the country.

Analysis of import and export data showed that in the country for 577 imported goods, at the same time there is an export at a low price, where imported goods are valued higher than exports for the last relevant period. In these categories, 1227 small enterprises, 16 medium and 12 large business representatives are covered, which, against the background of data, are engaged in activities for these 368 types of goods.

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We are faced with the task of gathering potential counterparties, that is, importers and exporters of these goods and discussing further cooperation.

2. Import substitution at the expense of local producers. After analyzing the enterprises-producers of the Kyzylorda region and comparing their OKED with the codes of imported goods of the HS, a list of 366 goods that can be imported by local producers, including exporters, were determined. The number of registered entrepreneurs in these industries is 1937 enterprises. The potential growth in the volume of production of local enterprises-producers due to import substitution according to these 366 goods is 613 thousand tons out of 1.8 million tons of national goods.

3. Import substitution through the creation of new industries. A list of 474 goods that are imported and not produced in Kyzylorda region has been formed. The production of these types of goods will be a promising direction for the opening of new industries. The volume of imports for these goods is 96 thousand tons. This year, the State Program of Industrial and Innovative Development was launched, it is proposed to make proposals for the construction of the production of goods that will replace goods imported into the region from abroad (the largest in cost).

However, before forming a proposal, it is necessary to conduct proper marketing research which will include the requirements of current importers to the quality of the goods produced.

The study made it possible to identify the main directions of increasing the volume of exports of the region. This approach made it possible to allocate real resources on which a bet could be made. To do this, 3 main groups of factors were taken into account, through which it is possible to realize the potential opportunities for export, and then economic growth in the Kyzylorda region. These groups include well- known factors in the literature and practice: economic-geographical and natural- climatic nature; scientific and technical nature and historically developed character. The choice of these factors is due to the fact that they, in our opinion, they are acceptable to the region. This means that the region can, giving primacy to a particular factor, have several options for increasing export potential and thereby provide different economic indicators of the region's growth.

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