Х А Б А Р Л А Р Ы

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ISSN 2224-5308 (Print)

ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ ҰЛТТЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМ АКАДЕМИЯСЫНЫҢ

Өсімдіктердің биологиясы жəне биотехнологиясы институтының

Х А Б А Р Л А Р Ы

ИЗВЕСТИЯ

НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

Института биологии и биотехнологии растений

N E W S

OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN of the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology

SERIES

OF BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL

5 ⁽³³⁵⁾

SEPTEMBER – OCTOBER 2019

PUBLISHED SINCE JANUARY 1963 PUBLISHED 6 TIMES A YEAR

ALMATY, NAS RK

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Б а с

р е д а к т о р

ҚР ҰҒА академигі, м. ғ. д., проф. Ж. А. Арзықұлов

Абжанов Архат, проф. (Бостон, АҚШ), Абелев С.К., проф. (Мəскеу, Ресей),

Айтқожина Н.А., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Акшулаков С.К., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Алшынбаев М.К., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Бəтпенов Н.Д., проф., корр.-мүшесі(Қазақстан) Березин В.Э., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Берсімбаев Р.И., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Беркінбаев С.Ф., проф., (Қазақстан)

Бисенбаев А.К., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Бишимбаева Н.Қ., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Ботабекова Т.К., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Bosch Ernesto, prof. (Spain)

Давлетов Қ.К., ассоц.проф., жауапты хатшы Жансүгірова Л.Б., б.ғ.к., проф. (Қазақстан) Ellenbogen Adrian, prof. (Tel-Aviv, Israel),

Жамбакин Қ.Ж., проф., академик (Қазақстан), бас ред. орынбасары Заядан Б.К., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан)

Ishchenko Alexander, prof. (Villejuif, France) Исаева Р.Б., проф., (Қазақстан)

Қайдарова Д.Р., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Кохметова А.М., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Күзденбаева Р.С., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Локшин В.Н., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Лось Д.А., prof. (Мəскеу, Ресей)

Lunenfeld Bruno, prof. (Израиль)

Макашев Е.К., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Миталипов Ш.М., (Америка)

Муминов Т.А., проф., академик (Қазақстан) Огарь Н.П., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Омаров Р.Т., б.ғ.к., проф., (Қазақстан) Продеус А.П., проф. (Ресей)

Purton Saul, prof. (London, UK)

Рахыпбеков Т.К., проф., корр.-мүшесі (Қазақстан) Сапарбаев Мұрат, проф. (Париж, Франция) Сарбасов Дос, проф. (Хьюстон, АҚШ) Тұрысбеков Е.К., б.ғ.к., асс.проф. (Қазақстан) Шарманов А.Т., проф. (АҚШ)

«ҚР ҰҒА Хабарлары. Биология жəне медициналық сериясы».

ISSN 2518-1629 (Online), ISSN 2224-5308 (Print)

Меншіктенуші: «Қазақстан Республикасының Ұлттық ғылым академиясы» РҚБ (Алматы қ.)

Қазақстан республикасының Мəдениет пен ақпарат министрлігінің Ақпарат жəне мұрағат комитетінде 01.06.2006 ж. берілген №5546-Ж мерзімдік басылым тіркеуіне қойылу туралы куəлік

Мерзімділігі: жылына 6 рет.

Тиражы: 300 дана.

Редакцияның мекенжайы: 050010, Алматы қ., Шевченко көш., 28, 219 бөл., 220, тел.: 272-13-19, 272-13-18, http://biological-medical.kz/index.php/en/

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Г л а в н ы й

р е д а к т о р

академик НАН РК, д.м.н., проф. Ж. А. Арзыкулов Абжанов Архат, проф. (Бостон, США),

Абелев С.К., проф. (Москва, Россия),

Айтхожина Н.А., проф., академик (Казахстан) Акшулаков С.К., проф., академик (Казахстан) Алчинбаев М.К., проф., академик (Казахстан) Батпенов Н.Д., проф. член-корр.НАН РК (Казахстан) Березин В.Э., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан)

Берсимбаев Р.И., проф., академик (Казахстан) Беркинбаев С.Ф., проф. (Казахстан)

Бисенбаев А.К., проф., академик (Казахстан) Бишимбаева Н.К., проф., академик (Казахстан) Ботабекова Т.К., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Bosch Ernesto, prof. (Spain)

Давлетов К.К., ассоц. проф., ответственный секретарь Джансугурова Л. Б., к.б.н., проф. (Казахстан)

Ellenbogen Adrian, prof. (Tel-Aviv, Israel),

Жамбакин К.Ж., проф., академик (Казахстан), зам. гл. ред.

Заядан Б.К., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Ishchenko Alexander, prof. (Villejuif, France) Исаева Р.Б., проф. (Казахстан)

Кайдарова Д.Р., проф., академик (Казахстан) Кохметова А.М., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Кузденбаева Р.С., проф., академик (Казахстан) Локшин В.Н., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Лось Д.А., prof. (Москва, Россия)

Lunenfeld Bruno, prof. (Израиль)

Макашев Е.К., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Миталипов Ш.М., (Америка)

Муминов Т.А., проф., академик (Казахстан) Огарь Н.П., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Омаров Р.Т., к.б.н., проф. (Казахстан) Продеус А.П., проф. (Россия)

Purton Saul, prof. (London, UK)

Рахыпбеков Т.К., проф., чл.-корр. (Казахстан) Сапарбаев Мурат, проф. (Париж, Франция) Сарбасов Дос, проф. (Хьюстон, США)

Турысбеков Е. К., к.б.н., асс.проф. (Казахстан) Шарманов А.Т., проф. (США)

«Известия НАН РК. Серия биологическая и медицинская».

Собственник: РОО «Национальная академия наук Республики Казахстан» (г. Алматы)

Свидетельство о постановке на учет периодического печатного издания в Комитете информации и архивов Министерства культуры и информации Республики Казахстан №5546-Ж, выданное 01.06.2006 г.

Периодичность: 6 раз в год Тираж: 300 экземпляров

Адрес редакции: 050010, г. Алматы, ул. Шевченко, 28, ком. 219, 220, тел. 272-13-19, 272-13-18, www:nauka-nanrk.kz / biological-medical.kz

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E d i t o r

i n

c h i e f

Zh.A. Arzykulov, academician of NAS RK, Dr. med., prof.

Abzhanov Arkhat, prof. (Boston, USA), Abelev S.K., prof. (Moscow, Russia),

Aitkhozhina N.А., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Akshulakov S.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Alchinbayev М.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Batpenov N.D., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Berezin V.Ye., prof., corr. member. (Kazakhstan) Bersimbayev R.I., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Berkinbaev S.F., prof. (Kazakhstan)

Bisenbayev А.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Bishimbayeva N.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Botabekova Т.K., prof., corr. member. (Kazakhstan) Bosch Ernesto, prof. (Spain)

Davletov Kairat, PhD, associate professor, executive Secretary Dzhansugurova L.B., Cand. biol., prof. (Kazakhstan)

Ellenbogen Adrian, prof. (Tel-Aviv, Israel),

Zhambakin K.Zh., prof., academician (Kazakhstan), deputy editor-in-chief Ishchenko Alexander, prof. (Villejuif, France)

Isayeva R.B., prof. (Kazakhstan)

Kaydarova D.R., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Kokhmetova A., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Kuzdenbayeva R.S., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Lokshin V.N., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Los D.А., prof. (Moscow, Russia)

Lunenfeld Bruno, prof. (Israel)

Makashev E.K., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Mitalipov Sh.M. (America)

Muminov Т.А., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Ogar N.P., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Omarov R.T., cand. biol., prof. (Kazakhstan) Prodeus A.P., prof. (Russia)

Purton Saul, prof. (London, UK)

Rakhypbekov Т.K., prof., corr. member. (Kazakhstan) Saparbayev Мurat, prof. (Paris, France)

Sarbassov Dos, prof. (Houston, USA)

Turysbekov E.K., cand. biol., assoc. prof. (Kazakhstan) Sharmanov A.T., prof. (USA)

News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of biology and medicine.

Owner: RPA "National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (Almaty)

The certificate of registration of a periodic printed publication in the Committee of information and archives of the Ministry of culture and information of the Republic of Kazakhstan N 5546-Ж, issued 01.06.2006

Periodicity: 6 times a year Circulation: 300 copies

Editorial address: 28, Shevchenko str., of. 219, 220, Almaty, 050010, tel. 272-13-19, 272-13-18, http://nauka-nanrk.kz / biological-medical.kz

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N E W S

OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN SERIES OF BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL

ISSN 2224-5308

Volume 5, Number 335 (2019), 5 – 11 https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2519-1629.41

N. А. Abilkayir

Graduate School of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

E-mail: [email protected]

APPLICATION OF CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BY EXAMPLE OF MUNICIPAL CLINIC

Abstract. The paper investigates the issues of ready management systems application at creating and managing a site on the Internet. The paper highlights the advantages and features of the Content Management System (CMS) application for site development. In addition, the CMS functioning and its technological structure are described in details, the standard structure of the site is shown, the existing ready solutions are described, the available models of data presentation and its classification are shown. The main problems that could appear during filling the content, site editing are highlighted, and possible ways of its elimination are shown. As an example, the municipal clinic #17 site created using the CMS was analyzed.

Key words: content management systems, information technologies, site building, municipal polyclinic.

Introduction. The adoption of contemporary information technologies in medicine is not a typical thing, but this brings the health care system to the next level as the immediate access to the information and its exchange decreases significantly the time expended to solve a problem, and the time is often a crucial factor for saving the people lives.

The creation of an own site can become a key factor for further development of a medical organization. At the same time the development of sites for municipal clinics is a quite difficult task.

Currently, there are different systems to manage the content. Among others, there is the Content Management System (CMS) that is considered as the breakthrough technology to create the projects of any complexity. The distinctive features of the CMS are high reliability and quality of the performance. In addition, the CMS popularity is gained by its open-source feature. And, at the same time, the system capabilities are the same as of paid contents.

The CMS allows creating the sites without knowledge of html, css and other web-programming features. The CMS also allows quick adding, removing, editing and formatting the content that is important for significant facilitation of the site management process.

The opportunity to add text files and multimedia materials allows enhancing the attractiveness of the site for new users. Another advantage of the CMS application is automated generation of the administrator panel that is connected with all fields of the site operations showing the system convenience and usability.

The application of the CMS for a web-site creating for medical organizations allows improving the level of services quality, makes the medical aid more accessible, allows satisfying the population with the rendered medical service, provides maximum transparency and patient awareness with the results of diagnostics, treatment, health assessment, methods of preventive care and monitoring of its health state.

This work describes the application of the CMS for the site creation for the municipal polyclinic #17.

1.1. Technological base of the CMS. For the detailed analysis of individual capabilities of the CMS to create and support the medical organization sites and to understand the difference it is necessary to provide a definition for the CMS and its functions.

The Content Management System is software allowing any user to publish and change by himself the information published in the site without addressing to the site developers. To use the system it is not necessary to have any special knowledge and technologies. However, the training of the personnel is obli- gatory in the part of learning the system operation, not more [1].

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The CMS is usually consists of back-office (infrastructure system) and front-office (user interface).

Back-office provides the functionality and information store, and includes the applications servers and port solution. Namely the back-office implements all functional operations and site management, and the front-office is responsible for user features. Front-office has the web-interface allowing editing documents using standard office packages such as text editor, electron table, presentation, mail system etc. [2, 3].

The already in-built design templates of the CMS allow users creating the design of pages and change them minimizing the dependence on developers. The CMS administrator, using a computer mouse, can place different information blocks within the set page, determine its size, color and other features of the site. Another significant advantage of the CMS is Drag&Drop function to manage the site content. To set a new position for a document in the structure or to make a note in the list, it is just necessary to “catch”

this position with the mouse and “drag” to a new place the same as it is done with files in Microsoft Windows explorer.

1.2. The structure of the site based on the CMS. The CMS system has two databanks: relational DBMS and file system. The first databank is designed for data published in the site, the second – for presentation elements (templates, images etc.). In addition to the external presentation of the site, there are two specialized workstations [4].

The first workstation is designed for the site developers. Here the developers can set the structure of site and content, change design and site view, set the templates for the information presentation. Usually, these operations are semi-automated. The site setting is conducted using the CMS means, and another part of information is placed manually.

The second workstation allows the site owners and a company staff to place the information in the site themselves. The customer managers operate through the specialized workstation.

Today, the most organizations, independently on its size, structure and type of activity, have their own web-site. The local Ethernet is used by a tiny part of companies. At the same time, the contemporary web-sites of the Companies are based on static pages and as a result the process of the information placement is not visible for users. But this type of operation requires managers to have knowledge and competencies in the field of programming and HTML as the risk of errors is high [5].

The CMS system also allows an employee to renew information quickly without addressing the site developers. The information is renewed itself, so there are no expenses for a developer or the site main- tenance. Thus, the cost of support decreases.

The CMS provides a lot of services – search, forum, poll etc., i.e. for the creation of a site based on the CMS the tested ready modules can be used. In comparison with a static site, the CMS splits data and its presentation allowing changing the external view of the site with lower expenses.

When the site is created using the CMS the further information is renewed by non-technical specialists. This became possible owing to the definite web-interface allowing placing information, use definite visual instruments for editing, import information from Office documents. Web-interface is a specialized workstation accessible via the Internet Explorer [6].

One of the key moments is the opportunity of visual editing of the text. The system has WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) – an editor allowing for placing a text and formatting a document without special technical knowledge [7]. Along with a text, it is also possible to place different images – graphs, diagrams etc.; the system has an opportunity to transfer data from the Office applications to the site.

The Microsoft Internet Explorer has a managing element allowing for visual editing. Developers access this managing element and then the results of its work are used. As the system uses the in-built capabilities of the Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE), to publish the information it is necessary to use the Internet Explorer. But this is only for developers and owners of the site who replenish and edit the content. As for the site users they can use any Internet browser [8].

During the site content replenishment, the managers encounter with a problem of text placing together with images, i.e. inside the text, not in its beginning or end. The WYSIWYG editor described above does not have this capability. It allows placing a link to the image at any place and requires indi- cating the server address (URL) where the image is placed. In result, the image automatically appears in the server at the discretion of editor.

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To solve this problem it is necessary to modify this software so an image could be placed into the common library. Another way is image link to a definite document, and further during the editing process choose necessary image to include.

The difference of the methods is in quantitative application of images. The first method allows repeated application of the same images, but if its quantity is large it becomes difficult to find necessary one, and deleting unnecessary data is complicated. The second method does not allow using the same image in several documents; otherwise it is necessary to upload an image several times for each document. But the advantage of the second method is more facilitated process of selection and automated deleting of images together with the document.

Thus, the Content Managing Systems allow managers having no technical knowledge and com- petence to publish information in the site and implement the simple operations on text editing. Text highlighting with italics on the site page is made the same as in Microsoft Word and this capability exists in all systems.

1.3. Existing CMS solutions. At the present time the CMS is one of the most competitive applications in its field. There are several tens of thousands of such applications in the world that can be divided into the following classes:

– closed-source systems;

– open-source systems.

The closed-source applications are mainly used by large enterprises and organizations. The most famous applications among them are Microsoft Content Management Server, Documentum, Plumtree Portal, IBM WebSphere Portal [9].

Due to high price of the project adoption on the base of these solutions, the field of its application is quite narrow and is limited to creation of the Internet solutions for large organizations.

The open source systems have such features as accessibility, source code availability, localization opportunity. At the same time there are the following problems of its exploitation:

1. Lack of technical support – all problems appearing during the process of such systems application are solved by a developer himself.

2. Narrow application field – most often the product was a side result of own tasks solving.

For example, the developers created a site-community for communication. And further, the solution on which the site operates is proposed as the CMS.

It is clear that such solution can solve well the tasks on creating the similar sites, but can be absolutely unpractical to solve other tasks (online commerce, b2b, etc.).

The most famous examples of such systems are OpenCMS, PhpNuke, PostNuke, Portal Starter Kit etc.

1.4. CMS classification. Over the years the Content managing systems improved significantly. The CMS can be classified by the fields of its application [10]:

Portals. Portals are used for information resources; its main goal is to facilitate maximally the publication of papers and news. They can consist of individual modules. Among the most famous representatives of this class are AngelineCMS, Bes-cms, CoolPHP, CPG-Nuke, вебZE, Xaraya, xNuke, XOOPS and other.

Engines without SQL. This branch in the CMS elaboration is developed poorly as application of files instead of database tables for storage causes a lot of problems which solving is very difficult.

Its advantage is accessibility for content modification and opportunity to be placed at free of charge hosting. This idea was used by the following companies: Cute News, DeeLight CMS, Progressive, SAPID.

Blog. A “blog” originates from English “weblog”. Russian term – “network diary” – this is a site containing author’s private notes. And the notes are links to the sites interesting to the author, and comments to them. The blog can consist not only of links, but online diary of a user. There following CMS can be related to this category: b2evolution, bBlog, BLOG:CMS, MyPHPblog, Nucleus, pLog, pMachine Free, Serendipity, Textpattern, WordPress, XHP.

Forum – is the instrument for communication on the site. The forum messages are similar to e-mail messages – each has an author, topic and content. However, to send a message within a forum, no additional utility is required – it is just necessary to fill a proper form in the site.

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A distinctive feature of the forum is that its messages are combined in threads. When one user answers the message of another one, his answer will be “tied” to the original message. The famous forums are FUDforum, openBB, Phorum, phpBB, PunBB, W-Agora, XMB, Zorum, ExBB, IPB, vBulletin.

Stores. A store is any site at which any goods can be ordered. “Goods” is absolutely everything including the access time to the Internet, minutes of cell connection. The virtual stores created using the CMS: MyMarket, osc2nuke, osCommerce, Zen Cart.

Groupware is the software allowing arranging the operation of a company, relations with clients and customers in the Internet network. Usually, this is completely or partially closed part of the site allowing tracking the implementation time of the set tasks, distribution of roles and time standards. It is also possible to raise the issues for discussion for making decisions by higher management. The following CMS are known: dotProject, eGroupWare, MoreGroupware, phpCollab, PHProjekt.

Training (e-Learning) is a distant form of education through the Internet. The distant learning has being used for a long time in educational systems of a lot of world countries. Its main strategic goal is fast renew of knowledge and effective application of the information. There are a lot of such systems:

ATutor, Claroline, LogiCampus, Moodle, Segue, Site@School.

Knowledge Base provides an opportunity to collect the experience of numerous developers. Each database has its own distinctive structure; therefore currently there are no definite common solutions. The most famous knowledge base is RFC [Request For Comment] – request for comment that describes a work with a protocol etc.

Billing. Billing is the software that allows providers and resellers to work with clients’ bills. This kind of the CMS represents an integral part of a large system on recording the services consumed by users. The task of the CMS is to render the information on the provided services, add new services, change current parameters, accept payment etc. Often such systems are developed by own means. The billing- panel RuWEB has a lot of service plans allowing paying only for those hosting parameters (traffic, hard disk space, MySQL, PHP, Perl…) that are used to its full extent.

Administrator hosting panel. This class has such products as Direct Admin and Control Panel.

1.5. Models of CMS data presentation. The frame-based data model uses such definitions as class and object. Classes determine the data structure and represent a set of attributes (text string, round number, image etc.).

The class representatives (objects) have definite structure and can include other objects forming undefined hierarchical structure. The objects can copy the properties, content and behavior of the objects they contain. The objects examples are documents, images, folders and users accounts. The content class does not keep real data – such information is stored in objects (class templates). After determination of one class it is possible to create a lot of its representatives (content objects).

The CMS-systems usually keep data in the relational database. In this case the frame-based data model is reflected on the relational database model. The links between the objects are created, for example, using such tables as id, from_object, from_object_version, to_object [11].

Usually, the systems based on the object-oriented data model are more functional, flexible, but, at the same time, more complex.

The frame-based data model in CMS divides the content into individual modules by the type of content. The data structure depends on the module and all work with content is focused inside the module.

The modules do not depend on other systems and are responsible for the work with documents of this type. The documents are described using definite set of parameters – the types of documents are strictly fixed. The functionality can be enlarged by adding a new module, replacement or editing of the existing code. Usually, the documents of different modules and the documents of the same module are not inter- connected. The content of standard set of content (modules) types consists of links, articles, files, news, sections and forums. The obvious limitation of data module did not affect the system popularity owing to the simplicity of its application.

These are such systems as PHPNuke, Joomla! and Xoops. The common shortage of the module CMS-systems is a strict fixation of content structure within the module. At the same time to enlarge its functionality it is possible to use external modules. The distinctive advantage of the frame-based systems is obtaining of almost ready to use portal over a short period of time [12].

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1.6. Parameters and elements of the web-site of municipal clinic #17. The clinic web-site of MUS on REM “Municipal clinic #17” of the Healthcare Department of Almaty is located on http://gp17.kz.

MUS “Municipal clinic #17” is legal successor of the municipal hospital #2 (hereafter MH #2).

Municipal clinic #17 is the polyclinic of mixed type, rendering services for 76500 persons, among them:

adults – 55106, children – 21394, kids under 5 years – 8380, women of fertile age – 20238 [13].

The polyclinic uses innovation technologies to render services for population. “Electronic Queuing Systems” are installed at the reception and all departments of the polyclinic where the queues are possible: fluorography, mammography, X-ray, treatment rooms. The time-table of doctors’ reception is actualized in the electronic board “Time-table of reception”, the changes are automatically copied into the time-table of the clinic web-site.

There are also other online informational services, such as “Prescription of medicines”, “Sick notes”,

“Fluorography card register”, “Immunoprophylaxis” that systematize and facilitate significantly the work of medical staff.

Digitization of the healthcare system of Kazakhstan is one of the priority tasks of the project

“Modernization of the healthcare system” under the implementation of the President’s Address “Third modernization of Kazakhstan: global competitiveness”. The topicality of digitization issues is connected with increasing demand of citizens for qualitative medical services [14]. According to the schedule approved on 04.04.2018 by the Mayor Deputy of Almaty, since May the municipal clinic #17 started to transfer to “Damumed” Program. Since June 1, 2018 the polyclinic operates under this Program to full extent. Every citizen registered to municipal clinic #17 has the electron passport of health. Currently, the electron cards are filled with patients’ data [13].

The application allows people booking an appointment with a doctor from home, receive the results of analysis, and call the ambulance. All actions of a patient in a clinic are shown in the personal profile of a user and in passport of health, and are accessible at every step of aid rendering.

The home page of the municipal clinic #17 is presented in several blocks: the upper part shows the site name represented by a graphic base and text with organization name.

The web-site has the blocks of right menu and main menu. The download of the homepage takes just a few seconds. There is no Flash screen in the site that is the advantage for the informational site. Colors, types and graphics are in uniform style. The main text is black on grey background. The colors of pages design are in balance.

On the left, closer to the middle part of the home page is the news of the clinic. On the right, under the menu of the home page is healthcare news. In the page bottom, under the blocks of menu and news of the clinic there is a clinic contacts block and different videos.

The web-site also has Damumed representing the integrated medical information system. For more convenient use of the site, there is a private profile option allowing receiving electron service for the registered user and members of his family. According to the National standards requirements the site has visually version.

All pages of the site were developed in uniform style. The considered web-site meets the contemporary requirements of target audience. To find necessary information no more than 3 hyperlinks pass are required. The home page is not overloaded with abundant information. Graphic design is minimal and does not hinder the information apprehension. The quality of graphics is good. The colors are pleasant for eyes. The text is easy readable, and does not merge into the background. The site supports scaling and can operate with any resolution starting from 800x600 pixels and higher. The lower angle of any page always has useful links, roadmap and contact information of the organization.

The web-site content corresponds to its purpose. The web-site has all regulatory acts regarding the clinic activity, time-table, regulations and rules of the polyclinic. All information necessary for a user- patient is easily accessible and found. In addition, the polyclinic site shows news and other medical announcements. The information in the site has no syntax or grammar errors, text abundance is not observed. Information is brief, clear and logically correct.

Thus, the considered site is easy for use, understandable, and its content is structured in details.

Conclusion. The conducted research allows making the following conclusion:

1. Any CMS in its base view is just a frame that can be added with additional functions using plugin

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modules. These are also mini-utilities that are integrated with the system and implement necessary functions.

2. The application of the CMS for the site creation solves the following tasks:

– reduces the time for the site development owing to ready solutions, to create a site it is only necessary to connect and make settings;

– further exploitation of the site (filling, editing, deleting) does not require a programmer, the site can be managed by the site owner;

– the site operates on a stable system that is constantly renewed and adapts to new realities.

3. The web-site of the municipal polyclinic #17 developed on the base of the CMS application shows the information on the clinic, allows looking through the list of services, provides detailed information on the rendered services, allows booking an appointment with a doctor, receive the results of analysis online, call ambulance etc. Owing to the information technologies the citizens have continuous access to the polyclinic services, the load on medical personnel decreased significantly, and some other issues ham- pering the operation of other clinics in the country were eliminated.

4. The web-site of the municipal polyclinic #17 allows improving the level of quality, accessibility of medical aid, satisfaction of population with rendered services, ensures maximum “transparency” and awareness of a patient with the results of diagnostics, treatment, health examination, methods of preventive treatment, and monitoring of his health state dynamics.

Н. А. Əбілқайыр

Қоғамдық денсаулық сақтау мектебі, Алматы, Қазақстан САЙТ МАЗМҰНЫН БАСҚАРУ ЖҮЙЕСІН ҚАЛАЛЫҚ ЕМХАНА МЫСАЛЫНДА ҚОЛДАНУ

Аннотация. Мақалада интернет желісінде сайт құру жəне басқару кезінде дайын басқару жүйелерін пайдалану мəселелері қарастырылған. Мақалада сайтты əзірлеуге арналған Content Management System (CMS) қосымшасының артықшылықтары мен ерекшеліктері көрсетілген. Бұдан басқа, CMS функционалы, оның технологиялық негізі толық сипатталып, стандартты сайт құрылымы мен қолданыстағы дайын шешімдер, деректерді көрсетудің қолданыстағы үлгілері жəне олардың жіктелуі көрсетілген. Сондай-ақ сайтты толықтыру, түзету барысында туындауы мүмкін негізгі мəселелер жəне оларды жоюдың ықтимал жолдары аталған. Мысал ретінде CMS көмегімен құрылған №17 қалалық емхананың сайтына талдау жүргізілген.

Түйін сөздер: контентті басқару жүйесі, ақпараттық технологиялар, сайт құру, қалалық емхана.

Н. А. Абилкайыр

Высшая школа общественного здравоохранения, Алматы, Казахстан ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖИМЫМ САЙТА

НА ПРИМЕРЕ ГОРОДСКОЙ ПОЛИКЛИНИКИ

Аннотация. В статье исследуются вопросы применения готовых систем управления при создании и управлении сайтом в сети интернет. В работе отмечены преимущества и особенности применения Content Management System (CMS) при разработке сайтов. Кроме того, подробно описан функционал CMS, его технологическая основа, приведена стандартная структура сайта, описаны существующие готовые решения, приведены существующие модели представления данных, показана их классификация. Также выделены основные проблемы, которые могут возникнуть в процессе наполнения, редактирования сайта, и возможные пути их устранения. В качестве примера, проведен анализ сайта городской поликлиники №17, которая создана с использованием CMS.

Ключевые слова: системы управления содержимым сайта, информационные технологии, сайто- строение, городская поликлиника.

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Information about author:

Abilkayir N. А., Graduate School of Public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan; [email protected];

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-5577

REFERENCES

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[2] Abusidikov A.A. (2018). Modernizacija sajta s ispol''zovaniem sistemy upravlenija soderzhimym sajta (CMS) //

Materialy X Mezhd. studencheskoj nauchnoj konf. Studencheskij nauchnyj forum. URL: <a

href="https://scienceforum.ru/2018/article/2018008510">https://scienceforum.ru/2018/article/2018008510</a> (data obrashhenija: 22.07.2019 (in Russ.).

[3] Andrej Akopjanc (2000). Sistemy upravlenija Web-kontentom // eCommerce World. N 2 (in Russ.).

[4] Garnaev A.Ju., Garnaev S. (2005). Web-programmirovanie na Java i JavaScript. SPb.: BHV-Peterburg. 1040 p. 2 jekz.

(in Russ.).

[5] V'juhin V.V., Suprun S.V., Kochneva T.A. (2005). Bazy dannyh: ucheb. posobie dlja vuzov. Ch. 1. Laboratornyj praktikum. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo RGPPU. 66 p. (in Russ.).

[6] Action Script 3.0 dlja Adobe Flash CS4 Professional: oficial'nyj uchebnyj kurs. M.: Jeksmo (2009). 400 p. (in Russ.).

[7] Suprun S.V., V'juhin V.V. (2005). Razrabotka Web-prilozhenij. Vol. 2 ch. Ch. 2. Servernye tehnologii: ucheb. posobie dlja vuzov. Ch.2. Servernye tehnologii. Ekaterinburg: Izdatel'stvo RGPPU. 36 p. (in Russ.).

[8] Karpova T.S. (2001). Bazy dannyh: modeli, razrabotka, realizacija: uchebnik. SPb.: Piter. 303 p.: il. 19 jekz. (in Russ.).

[9] Oficial'nyj sajt soobshhestva razrabotchikov CMS XOOPS.

http://hostinfo.ru/articles/web/rubric48/rubric55/rubric75/1226/ (data obrashhenija: 22.07.2019 (in Russ.).

[10] Obzor i klassifikacija CMS po kategorijam https://habrahabr.ru/post/193168/ (data obrashhenija: 22.07.2019 (in Russ.).

[11] Modernizacija sajtov. Vidy modernizacii https://wooka.ru/yslygi/web-razrabotka/modernizatsiya-saytov/ (data obrashhenija: 22.07.2019) (in Russ.).

[12] Kenzhebayeva Zh.E. (2019). Modern condition of information processing and management system in Kazakhstan //

News of the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of social and human sciences. 2019. Vol. 3, N 325 P. 310-314. ISSN 2224-5294. https://doi.org/10.32014/2019.2224-5294.127

[13]Oficial'nyj sajt polikliniki GKP na PHV «Gorodskaja poliklinika №17» http://sv.gp17.kz/index.php/ru/ (data obrashhenija: 22.07.2019) (in Russ.).

[14] Poslanie Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan ot 31 janvarja 2017 goda. Tret'ja modernizacija Kazahstana: global'naja konkurentosposobnost. Kazahstanskaja pravda ot 31.01.2017 g. (in Russ.).

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N E W S

ISSN 2224-5308

D. R. Kaidarova, K. K. Smagulova, Zh. Zh. Zholdybay, Zh. K. Chingissova Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan

KRAS MUTATION FREQUENCY AND SPECTRUM IN COLORECTAL CANCER: CORRELATION WITH

THE TUMOR LOCALIZATION IN KAZAKHSTANI POPULATION

Abstract. Aim. Activating mutation in KRAS oncogene is one of the most significant events in colorectal cancer (CRC) molecular pathogenesis. Along with the success of complex treatment, understanding the CRC genomics due to the extensive use of molecular genetic studies promotes an optimum choice of therapy variants. The aim of this study was to define the frequency and spectrum of KRAS gene mutations in CRC patients depending on the tumor localization for choosing the treatment tactics and predicting the course of the disease.

Method. This retrospective study included 332 CRC patients treated in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 2010 to 2014. Their tumor material was formalin-fixed and waxed and morphologically assessed. KRAS mutation status was established by PCR study.

Results. The mutations were most frequent with rectal cancer (n=82, 55%), followed by left-sided colon cancer (n=43, 28.9%), and right-sided colon cancer (n=24, 16.1%). The mutations were most frequent in codon 12, in particular, G12D – 32.9%, G12V – 24.2%, and G13D – 19.5%.

Conclusion.

1. The obtained results on KRAS mutation frequency correspond to the data published by other researchers.

2. KRAS mutations are more frequent in left-sided colon cancer compared to right-sided colon cancer (P = 0.001).

3. There is an upward trend in KRAS mutation frequency with tumor localization in the distal parts of the colon, especially in the rectum.

4. The mutations were most frequent in codon 12, in particular, G12D, G12V, and G13D. G12V mutations were frequent in tumor localization in the rectum.

Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors which differ in both the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and, therefore, molecular changes, and the prognosis of the disease and the specifics of treatment. Today, choosing tactics for treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer shall take into account not only clinical factors like tumor spread, patient functional status but also the molecular profile of the disease.

The frequency and spectrum of KRAS gene mutations and their correlation with clinical and morphological features of patients with CRC are widely studied in the literature. Several studies (see the analysis of 551 cases of CRC at diagnosis by Palomba et al.) did not reveal any significant correlation of KRAS gene mutation frequency with the patient’s age, gender, tumor localization and depth of invasion, the degree of malignancy, and the presence of regional or distant metastases [1, 2]. Still, there is evidence that KRAS gene mutates more often in rectal tumors than in tumors in the overlying colon. Some researchers have revealed the relation of the KRAS gene mutation in codon 13 with the stage of the tumor process [3-6].

Thus, the prognostic value of KRAS gene mutation in CRC tumor has not been fully proven in the literature and requires further research.

Purpose of this study was to define the frequency and spectrum of KRAS gene mutations in CRC patients depending on the tumor localization for choosing the treatment tactics and predicting the course of the disease.

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Method. Patients and data extraction. This retrospective study included 332 patients diagnosed with CRC and registered at the Regional Cancer Centers of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010-2014. Their KRAS status was established by PCR study of their post-surgery or biopsy samples.

In the study, women (n=182, 54.8%) prevailed over men (n=150, 45.2%). Most of the patients (88%) were aged 44 and above; only 12% were below 44 years. The average age was 56.4 ± 10.5 years (25 to 79 years).

All patients underwent a complete clinical examination, X-ray, CT, ultrasound, MRI of the chest, abdomen, pelvic organs; their CRC diagnosis was confirmed morphologically.

DNA extraction and KRAS mutational analysis. Molecular genetic study of KRAS status was conducted at the Laboratory of Pathomorphology and Molecular Genetics of the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology. The quality of the obtained materials was assessed morphologically. Depending on the percentage of tumor cells in the sample, the samples were subjected to 3-5 macro dissections and dewaxing for DNA extraction. The samples containing less than 20% of tumor cells were microdissected along the slide zone previously marked by the morphologist to avoid false-negative results. The DNA was extracted using the FFPE DNA extraction kits (QIAGEN, Inc. Valencia, CA). The concentration of the extracted DNA was determined using NanoDrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massa- chusetts, USA); DNA quality was assessed using real-time control PCR comparing the results with control DNA. The mutations in KRAS codons 12 and 13 in exon 2 were detected by allele-specific PCR method using BioLink kits.

The statistical processing of data was made using a PC with installed IBM SPSS Statistics 20 pac- kage (trial version). Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r_p) was used to identify the relationship between the variables.

Results. KRAS gene status was determined in tumors localized in different parts of the colon. Of the 332 CRC patients included in the study, 48 (14.5%) patients had right-sided colon cancer (RCC) with tumor localization in the right side of the intestines (cecum, ascending colon, hepatic angle, or transverse colon) vs. 99 (29.8%) cases of left-sided colon cancer (LCC) with tumor localization in the left side of the intestines (splenic angle, descending colon, or sigmoid colon). The remaining 185 (55.7%) patients had a tumor in the rectum, including its rectosigmoid part (figure).

KRAS mutation frequency depending on the tumor localization in CRC (n=332) Legend:

Blue – Right side of the intestines (n=24) Red – Left side of the intestines (n=43) Green – Rectosigmoid angle (n=19) Violet – Rectum (n=63)

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Of all the CRC patients included in the study (n=332), 149 (44.9%) had mutant-type KRAS (mt-KRAS), and 183 (55.1%) had wild-type KRAS (wt-KRAS). Among patients with RCC, the number

of mt-KRAS and wt-KRAs cases was the same (n=24, 50%). Among patients with lesions of the left sections of the colon, including the rectum, 125 (44%) patients had mt-KRAS against 159 (56%) with wt-KRAS. KRAS mutations depending on the tumor localization were most frequent with rectal cancer (n=82, 55%) followed by LCC (n=43, 28.9%), and RCC (n=24, 16.1%) (table 1).

Table 1 – KRAS gene status and mutation frequency depending on the tumor localization in colorectal cancer KRAS status Right-sided colon cancer

(n=48, 100%) Left-sided colon cancer

(n=99, 100%) Rectal cancer (n=185, 100%) Wild-type KRAS (n=183) 24 (50±3.1%) 56 (56.6±4.9%) 103 (55.7±3.6%) Mutation KRAS (n=149) 24 (50±3.0%) 43 (43.4±4.9%) 82 (44.3±3.6%)

For colon tumors (n=67), the KRAS mutation frequency with LCC (n=43, 64.2%±5.8%) was higher than with RCC (n=24, 35.8±5.8%); the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).

In our study, 120 out of 149 (80.5%) patients with mt-KRAS had mutations in codon 12, of which G12D (32.9%) and G12V (24.2%) were the most common. G12D, G12V mutations were especially frequent in rectal cancer (28 out of 49 and 25 out of 36, respectively). G12S and G12С were less frequent (up to 10%). G13D was observed only in 29 (19.5%) of cases (Table 2).

No increase in mutation frequency with the tumor localization in the intestine was observed. The correlation coefficient for the pair “Right intestine – KRAS mutations” was r_p = –0.042, P = 0.06. The inverse relationship between these variables was very weak (table 2).

Table 2 – Correlation of KRAS gene mutations with tumor localization in colorectal cancer

KRAS mutations

Location Mutations

in codons Right-sided colon cancer Left-sided colon cancer Rectal cancer

n % r_p ρ -

value n % r_p ρ -

value

G12A 5 20.8 -0.025 0.05 7 16.3 0.013 0.06 8 9.7 0.006 0.06 20 (13.4%) G12С 2 8.3 -0.034 0.06 1 2.3 -0.002 0.06 4 4.9 0.026 0.06 7 (4.7%) G12D 9 37.5 -0.027 0.06 12 27.9 -0.011 0.06 28 34.1 0.029 0.06 49 (32.9%) G12S 0 0 -0.053 0.06 5 11.6 0.023 0.05 3 3.7 0.016 0.06 8 (5.4%) G12V 3 12.5 -0.068 0.06 8 18.6 -0.008 0.06 25 30.5 0.056 0.06 36 (24.2%) G13D 5 20.8 -0.038 0.06 10 23.3 0.016 0.05 14 17.1 0.012 0.06 29 (19.5%) Total mutations 24

(16.1%) 100 -0.042 0.06 43

(28.9%) 100 0.006 0.06 82

(55.0%) 100 0.025 0.06 149

Discussion and Conclusion. Of the 332 CRC patients included in the study, 149 (44.9%) had mt- KRAS, and 183 (55.1%) had wt-KRAS. Our results correspond to the results obtained in extensive multicenter studies which confirm the 30-50% mutation frequency of KRAS in colon tumors [1, 3, 5-7].

Thus, our results on the frequency of KRAS gene mutation are consistent with data published by other researchers.

The literature sources reported about 97-99% of KRAS gene mutations in codons 12 and 13 compared to 1-3% in other codons. Therefore, we focused our research on these codons as they mutated most often. A mutation was detected at any location of the tumor in the colon, but its frequency varied. We compared the KRAS mutation frequency in rectal cancer with other colon sections, including its right and

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left sides. In our study, KRAS mutations in rectal cancer (n=82, 55.0%) were more frequent than in colon cancers of other localizations (n=67, 44.9%). Also, we revealed a statistically significant prevalence of KRAS gene mutations in LCC (n=43, 28.9%) vs. RCC (n=24, the least frequency – 16.1%) (P = 0.001).

The mutation frequency was also growing with tumor localization in the lower section of the colon, and especially in the rectum (table 1).

The mutations were most frequent in codon 12, in particular, G12D – 32.9%, G12V – 24.2%, and

G13D – 19.5%. However, in our study, a high G12V mutation rate was observed in rectal cancer (25 mutations out of 36) (table 2).

The obtained data on mutations in codons 12 and 13 suggests different etiology of carcinogenesis in different parts of the colon.

Д. Р. Кайдарова, К. К. Смагулова, Ж. Ж. Жолдыбай, Ж. К. Чингисова Казахский НИИ онкологии и радиологии, Алматы Казахстан ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЧАСТОТЫ И СПЕКТРА МУТАЦИИ ГЕНА КRAS

У БОЛЬНЫХ С КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНЫМ РАКОМ (КРР) В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЕЙ ОПУХОЛИ

В МАСШТАБЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

Аннотация. Одним из наиболее значимых событий в молекулярном патогенезе КРР является активи- рующая мутация в онкогене KRAS. Наряду с успехами комплексного лечения, понимание геномики КРР, благодаря широкому использованию молекулярно-генетических исследований, предоставило возможность оптимального выбора терапевтических опций.

Целью настоящего исследования было определение частоты и спектра мутаций гена KRAS у больных КРР в зависимости от локализации опухоли для определения выбора тактики лечения и прогнозирования течения заболевания.

Материалы и методы. Нами было изучен опухолевый материал 332 пациентов с диагнозом КРР, фик- сированный в формалине, заключенный в парафин, проходивших лечение в онкологических диспансерах, онкологических центрах и в Казахском научно-исследовательском институте онкологии и радиологии (КазНИИОиР) за период с 2010 по 2014 годы. После морфологической оценки качества исследуемого мате- риала в лаборатории молекулярной генетики было проведено молекулярно-генетическое исследование по определению мутации гена KRAS методом ПЦР.

Результаты. По полученным нами результатам, мы можем судить, чтонаибольшее количество мутаций гена KRAS было обнаружено при поражении прямой кишки – у 82(55%) из 149 пациентов. Далее по частоте встречаемости мутации занимали левые отделы толстой кишки – у 43(28,9%) пациентов. При поражении правых отделов толстой кишки мутация гена KRAS встречалась в 24(16,1%) случае. Наиболее частые мута- ции были в 12 кодоне, а именно G12D - 32,9%, G12V - 24,2% и G13D -19,5 %.

Выводы.

1. Полученные нами результаты по частоте встречаемости мутации генаKRAS согласуются с данными, опубликованными в литературных источниках другими исследователями.

2. Мутаций гена KRAS встречается чаще при первичной локализации опухоли в левых отделах по сравнению с правой локализации, (р= 0,001).

3. Прослеживается тенденция к увеличению числа мутации генаKRASс возрастанием частоты поражения дистальных отделов толстой кишки и особенно прямой кишки.

4. Наиболее частые мутации были в 12 кодоне, а именно G12D, G12V и G13D. Высокая частота мутацииG12V наблюдалась при локализации опухоли в прямой кишке (25 мутации из 36).

Ключевые слова: колоректальный рак; молекулярно-генетические исследования; мутация KRAS;

дикий тип.

Information about authors:

Kaidarova Dilyara R., MD, Member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Chairman of the Board, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan;

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-5983

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Smagulova Kaldygul K., MD, Head of Chemotherapy Department, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-8581

Zholdybay Zhamilya Zh., MD, Prof., Head of Diagnostic Department, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Chingissova Zhanna K., MD, Deputy Chairman of the Board for Clinical Work, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan

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N E W S

ISSN 2224-5308

UDC 579:864.1:57.008.6:577.115

I. A. Ratnikova, N. N. Gavrilova, Zh. E. Sagidoldina

LLP "Scientific Production Center of Microbiology and Virology", Almaty, Kazakhstan.

E- mail: [email protected]

CREATION OF A PROBIOTIC OF A BROAD SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY ON THE BASIS OF LACTIC ACID

AND PROPIONI ACID BACTERIA

Abstract. Information about development of complex probiotics on the basis of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria of a broad spectrum of activity for veterinary science are provided.During creation of probiotics considered antagonism of the bacteria to clinical strains of causative agents of diseases also ability to biosynthesis of biologically active agents - hydrolytic enzymes, vitamins, irreplaceable amino acids, resistance to low values рН, bile, sublimation drying was considered.It is shown that the created drugs havethe immunostimulating action, increase proliferation of T-lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, increase synthesis of immunoglobulins of class A, increase nonspecific immunity by increasing in lizotsimny activity of serum of blood and also increase concentration of hemoglobin in blood of animals.

The effectiveness of probiotics against causative agents of the mixed intestinal infection,coccidiosis, hel- minthiases, pasteurellosis of farm animals and birds, of beesdiseases, mastitis at the lactating cows is proved. The presented data indicate the prospects of creationof complex probiotics witch a broad spectrum of activity for prevention and treatment of diseases of farm animals and birds.

Keywords: lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria, probiotics, antagonism, spectrum of action, intestinal infections, pasteurellosis, mastitis.

Infections are the most frequent cause of death of young growth of farm animals and birds, decrease in their productivity. The complexity of treatment of infectious diseases consists in emergence at pathogenic microorganisms of polyresistance to antibiotics. Besides, application of antibiotics, unba- lanced feeding and other negative factors lead to significant changes in the microorganismsof the gastrointestinal tract of animals,and residual amounts of therapeutic drugs in animal products negatively influence the human body [1-3]. This proves the need for wider use in the treatment of infectious diseases of probiotics on the basisof the symbionts of the gastrointestinal tract, harmless to humans and animals.

Probiotics in veterinary medicine are used to correct the intestinal biocenosis, immune, hormonal and enzyme systems of young animals. Besides, a probiotics has relevance not only for animal breeding, but also for public health.They reduce the risk of morbidity of people and increase the environmental safety of agricultural products [4-6].

The basis for application of probiotics in veterinary medicine are the positive effects caused by them in an organism of animals. The main effects of probiotics include improved digestion, immunostimulatory effects and increased animal productivity.

Improvement of the digestive processes occurs due to colonization of the intestine with microorganisms of probiotics, which are antagonists of opportunistic enterobacteria, produce biologically active substances. This increases the synthesis of microbial protein and vitamins, increases the absorption of nutrients [7-9].

Literature data indicate the enormous role of the normal intestinal microflora as a factor of nonspecific resistance, which is realized not only through microbial antagonism, but also nonspecific activation

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of macrophage phagocytic and cytostatic activity, stimulation of lymphoid tissue, and impact on immunocompetent T and B cells [10].

Now the large number of the probiotics for animal breeding consisting of lactic acidand bifidum bacteria, being the main protective group of the microorganisms of intestines harmless to the person and animals are known [11-14].

However the known probiotics did not become an alternative to antibiotics as have insufficiently broad antimicrobic spectrum of action and is used mainly for restoration of normal intestinal microflora.

In this regard, the most important task for receiving effective probiotics against gastrointestinal diseases is the directed selection of strains on their antagonistic activity. Preference should be given to antagonists against pathogens of specific diseases by the selection of strains in the composition of therapeutic drugs.Inclusion in composition of treatment-and-preventivepreparations not only antagonists to the mixed intestinal infections, but also producers of biologically active substances will promote increase in efficiency of their action.

We have developed the probiotic of Laktovit-K on the basis of Lactobacillus brevis B-3 and of Propionibacterium shrmanii 15 differing from known by a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action against the most often found pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms [15]. The treatment and preventive activity of preparation is established on 10-day goslings, intraperitoneally infected with E.coli serotype 04 at a dose of 1 ml of culture washes with MPA per head. Giving the drug to infected goslings at a dose of 4-6% of the daily feed rate promoted to the recovery of goslings for 6-7 days. The use of the drug as a preventive agent in a dose of 2-4% of the daily feed rate for 5 days made it possible to avoid disease and the death of goslings after infection. In the control group that did not receive the drug, death was observed on days 4–5 after infection and in the following days. At necropsy, congestive hyperemia of the liver, inflammation of the small and large intestines, pericarditis, purulent-fibrinous and myocardial dystrophy were registered.

The high treatment-and-protective efficiency of preparation against intestinal infections is proved also in farms of Almaty region on 64.5 thousand chickens, 250 calfs and 22 pigs. It is established that preparation can be used against a colibacteriosis, salmonellosis¸coccidiosisand other infections [16-18].

The ability of association from lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria also is established to suppress growth of causative agents of diseases of bees: enterobakteriosis, European and American rottenness, ascospherosis [19].

Tests of the Laktovit-K association on bees showed its high efficiency. Thus, when using the preparationin combination with carbohydrate – proteinsupplementation, a decrease in the incidence of bees by an American rottenness was noted by 90.7%, and prevalence a tick of Varroa jacobsoni - for 74.1% [20].

Our researches showed need of constant selection of strains antagonists to again allocated pathogens as because of variability of the last the strains of lactic acid bacteria which are selected earlier can be insufficiently effective.

Under the ISTC grant K-673, the Polylaktovit association was created from the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 2b, Lactobacillus brevis B-3/21 and the propionic acid bacteria Propionibacteriumshrmanii -5, which is effective in the treatment of mixed enteric infection [21], as well as having a preventive effect against the virus of Newcastle disease [22].

One of the factors of efficiency of probiotics is their resistance to the reactogenic environment of a stomach and upper intestines. In this regard, adaptation of the lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria, belonging to the complex probiotic developed by us,were adapted to low pH and bile values. The variants of bacteria surpassing initial cultures in antagonistic activity, resistance to low values рН and bile are selected[23].

It is established that the studied strains of lactic acid bacteria are steady to рН 3 in the presence of the majority of the tested protective components and adsorbents. Resistance to bile at strains of microorganisms is increased by pectin, food fibersand and the starchentered into composition of nutrient medium in number of 0.5%.

It is shown that preparations from lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria possess the immunostimulating action, increase proliferation of T-lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, increase synthesis