Dynamic Power Management and Control of PV-Wind-BES Based Microgrid System

The aim of the proposed system is to provide a stable and reliable energy supply by integrating renewable energy sources with BES units in order to overcome the intermittent nature of these energy sources. Furthermore, the control strategy for the system is developed using a hierarchical structure, which ensures the most efficient operation of the photovoltaic, wind and battery energy storage units. The efficiency of the proposed system is examined in a variety of scenarios, including the unpredictability of weather patterns and the erratic nature of the power grid.

According to the study findings, the PV-wind BES-based microgrid system has the potential to be a viable option for off-grid and isolated locations that require a reliable and environmentally friendly energy source. Thanks to their remarkable guidance and guidance throughout all the semesters, I was able to successfully complete the respectable master's program they offered me.

ST - INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY AND MICROGRID SYSTEM

I NTRODUCTION
O BJECTIVES
M ETHODOLOGY
T HESIS S TRUCTURE

This system suffers from the unpredictability of the weather, which creates a gap for energy production. The MATLAB Simulink environment is used for in-silico design of power management and control techniques. Solar array and wind turbine maximum power tracker is set to track MPP for better and more efficient power generation.

A three-phase voltage converter is under development and is set to convert the DC supply of the DC busbar to AC for use in household appliances and grid synchronization. Network synchronization of the system is one of its key factors that make the system reliable.

ND - LITERATURE REVIEW

B ACKGROUND
T OPOLOGY OF S OLAR P HOTOVOLTAIC C ELLS
W IND T URBINE T OPOLOGY
M ICROGRID O PERATION
E NERGY M ANAGEMENT T OPOLOGY
M ICROGRID P ROTECTION
G RID SYNCHRONIZATION OF PV-W IND -BESS

P HASE -L OCKED L OOP (PLL)
S YNCHRO -P HASOR M EASUREMENT
G RID -T IED I NVERTERS
P OWER B ALANCE T HEORY (PBT)
D ROP C ONTROL

B ATTERY E NERGY S TORAGE T OPOLOGY

Based on the difference between the microgrid and grid voltages, the droop control approach modifies the output of the microgrid. The vector control approach[10] modifies the output of the microgrid to maintain synchronization by measuring the phase and amplitude of the grid voltage. The power produced by a microgrid system must match the power used by the loads within the microgrid.

The author in [43] proposed a vector control strategy for a PV-wind-BES based microgrid system. The active and reactive power of the microgrid is managed using a decoupled control method via the vector control technique. In isolated areas where reliable or accessible access to the grid is not possible, this topology is frequently used. The authors in [46] use a grid-connected battery energy storage system to store excess grid energy during periods of low demand or low prices and then release that energy during periods of high demand or high prices.

RD - CONTROL TOPOLOGY OF PV-WIND-BES BASED MICROGRID SYSTEM

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

DEVELOPMENT OF A DC-TO-DC BOOST CONVERTER
WIND TURBINE CONSTRUCTION
MPPT TECHNIQUE FOR SOLAR AND WIND ENERGIES SYSTEM
BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (BESS)
GRID SYNCHRONIZATION OF MICROGRID
POWER MANAGEMENT SCHEME

Simulation model of the PV system, VI characteristic waveform and the PV with its boost converter and MPPT are illustrated in Figure 3.3, 3.4 and Figure 3.5 respectively below. A DC-to-DC boost converter acts as a step-up transformer, which increases the input voltage to better utilize the power and current division of the generated electricity. To convert the wind's mechanical energy into usable electrical energy, a PMSG generator is used as a wind turbine.

Where 𝜌 is the air density, the symbols A,𝑍 and V represent the area of the wings, the power efficiency and the air speed (velocity) respectively. To estimate the MPP, the stepwise conductance (dI/dV) is used in conjunction with continuous measurements of the instantaneous voltage and current from the PV panel. The InC MPPT method determines the direction of the change in the PV panel's operating voltage by comparing the panel's InC (dI/dV) to a reference value.

Nevertheless, the operating voltage of the PV panel is changed if the InC is higher or lower than the reference value to approach the MPP. The size of the templates is standardized and their value is equal to unity. Where 𝑉 denotes the amplitude of the three-phase voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC).

To synchronize the frequency of the grid and maintain active power regulation within the system, the in-phase templates are used. In order to do active power control, the direct axis multiplier of the currents is used to scale the unit templates. It is necessary to establish the active and reactive power levels before proceeding to the determination of the active and reactive current components (3.22).

While the quadrature current component is denoted by (𝑖) and the direct current component is denoted by (𝑖. When there is no voltage regulation, it is determined by comparing the result with the input of the PI controller and the primary contributor to the reactive power coming from the load.

Figure .3.1 schematic diagram of MG with its boost converter and control operation[4]

AREA OF APPLICATION

S OLAR S YSTEM A PPLICATIONS
W IND (PMSG) A PPLICATIONS
BESS A PPLICATION
A PPLICATION OF P OWER I NVERTER
L IMITATIONS OF THE P ROPOSED S YSTEM

Landscape Lighting: A common use of solar energy is to power outdoor lighting, such as those seen on streets, parking lots and other public areas. Transportation: Electric vehicles, such as cars, buses and trains, can be powered by the sun. Wind turbines are used because they can convert the kinetic energy of the wind into usable electrical energy.

Distributed wind energy systems, which use wind turbines to generate electricity, are primarily used to supply electricity to individual buildings such as houses, farms or businesses. BESS is able to maintain a consistent and reliable power supply by regulating the frequency of the microgrid through the storage and discharge of energy as needed. The microgrid is able to start up and operate independently of the main grid thanks to the BESS's ability to provide backup power in the event that the grid is disrupted.

By smoothing out fluctuations in production and providing backup power during periods of little or no supply, BESS can help integrate renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy into the microgrid system. They are able to supply power to equipment that is absolutely necessary, such as refrigerators, lighting and communications equipment. In the case of renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind generators, power converters are used to convert one type of electrical current into another.

For activities such as camping and hiking, inverters can be used to power equipment that requires AC power. They are capable of providing electricity for items such as portable coolers, lights and other camping equipment. Regulatory barriers: Regulatory concerns and the requirement to work with current utilities can make integrating renewables into existing grid infrastructure difficult.

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

THD A NALYSIS

Total harmonic distortion analysis, often known as THD analysis, is a method used to determine the amount of harmonic distortion present in an electrical signal. Harmonic distortion occurs when an unwanted frequency component is present in a signal and that frequency component is a multiple of the fundamental frequency. To determine the total harmonic distortion (THD) of a signal, the root mean square voltage (RMS) of all harmonics in the signal is first measured and then divided by the RMS voltage of the fundamental frequency.

The resulting number, which is given as a percentage, reflects the degree of harmonic distortion found in the signal. THD analysis is often used in audio and power systems to evaluate signal quality or transmitted power. Compared to high THD values, low THD values indicate that a signal or power has only a small amount of harmonic distortion, while high THD values indicate that a signal or power has a large amount of harmonic distortion[60].

In most circumstances, it is preferable to have a low THD value as harmonic distortion can result in adverse consequences in electrical systems, including noise, distortion and reduced efficiency. As a result, THD analysis is an essential tool for engineers and technicians working in a wide range of sectors. As Figure .5.5 shows, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the mains current has dropped from 26.31% to 0.28%, which indicates the accuracy and efficiency of the system, measured in terms of THD, should be sufficient to meet the need and the network.

E FFICIENCY A NALYSIS B ASED ON P OWER F ACTOR (PF)

CONCLUSION OF PV-WIND-BES BASED MICROGRID SYSTEM

C ONCLUSION

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