23 1
1400 107 - 97
DOI: 10.22059/jap.2021.303031.623532
3
!" # $ % & ' ( )*
+, - ./ ( 0 0
3 *2 1
!" #$!
4% '(!) '
'*)!+ ,- 2 1
1 . ) ! /
% 0 12 0 % 3/ /) 4!*5 %#6/ ' 4!*5 .1 $ 7
2 / . 12 0 % 3/ /) 4!*5 %#6/ ' 4!*5 % 0 .1 $ 7
3 /) 8$ 9 ' 4!*5 % 0 . .1 $ ) 1 :+ % 3/ '; <= > ?
4 . 12 0 % 3/ /) 4!*5 %#6/ ' 4!*5 % 0 .1 $ 7
: A B 7 $ C$ + 28
/ 02 / 1399 : A B H $I9 C$ +
16 / 08 / 1399
! " ! #$% & ' 3
)*% + , - . % /0 . % ! 1 2 3 4 $5 ! 6 ! 6
7 ! ,8& 89 3 60
! 6 <=>
20 &) A B 65
! D 1% E % F G! H% IJ K L M. > ! /( 8, . 9 P Q
R 9 5 7S 0 % 1
- V( ! > G) 9 2
- W=&
5 / 1 ! Y ! 3
V Z $5 4 3
- ! Y ! & W=&
3 V Z $5 4 4
- W=&
5 / 1 ! Y ! 3
V\ 8 Z $5 3 5
- ! Y ! & W=&
3 )*% Y ! .\ 8 Z $5 3 6 0! H8> ! & 0 ]3
]^% 0 _ 9 0 4 0
5 / 1 ! Y ! 3 4
6 7 %`
0 ! \S Y ! & W=& ! ) ! +G !
05 / 0 P<
+' Z %` .(
& a b c 7 !
& a b 8 7 ! !
)*% ! 7 6
6 d <8 0 ]^% 0
! Y ! & 0 4 _ 9 ) 3 4
)*% ! 7 ! a . . & +' Z % 6
0
]^% 9 \ 3 7 RY 4 0 4 _ 9
5 / 1 ! Y ! ) ! 4
05 / 0 P<
) .(
_ _ Y ! % 0 S !
+e % 6
:
3 6 g +G ! 0 )! 9 _
05 / 0 P<
! \! cG /RY 4 F 8 A & .(
3 W=& ! 3 4 5
/ 1 Y !
89 3 ! 6 _ _ _ /! 1 2 , #$% \ /
! eE ! 7 h & M % 0 S !
\ i 0! H8> j k. 5*
G Y %
.+&
)*% . % / ! 7 h &:
_ _ / _ D , % /6 /0 S !
& a b c 7 ! .
Comparison the effects of Omega-3 calcium fat powder with vegetable and animal origin on productive performance, reproductive and egg quality in old
broiler breeder hens
Farzaneh Sattari najafabadi1, Ardeshir Mohit2*, Hossein Moravej3 , Navid Ghavi Hossein-zadeh4, Hassan Darmani koohi2, Meisam Tavakoli1
1. Ph.D. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2. Associate professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
3. Professor, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Professor, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Received: May 17, 2020 Accepted:November 6, 2020
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of two types of omega-3 calcium fat powders with animal and vegetable origin on productive performance, reproductive and egg quality of broiler breeder hens by using 60 hens and 20 roosters (65 weeks), in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates for two months. Experimental treatments were: 1- control (without fat powder); 2- 1.5% animal omega-3 calcium fat powder based on fish oil; 3- 3% animal omega-3 calcium fat powder based on fish oil; 4- 1.5% vegetable omega-3 calcium fat powder based on flaxseed oil; 5- 3% vegetable omega-3 calcium fat powder based on flaxseed oil. Egg production percentage and economic benefit of hens fed with diets containing 1.5% animal and vegetable fat powders were greater than hens that received 3% of them (p<0.05). The highest concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid and docosahepanthanoic acid were in eggs of hens fed with diet containing 3% animal and vegetable fat powder and the lowest concentration of linolenic acid was in the yolk of eggs obtained from control hens or hens fed with diet containing 1.5% animal fat powder (P<0.05). The lowest percentage of hatchability and the highest omega-6: omega-3 ratio were related to hens received control diet (P<0.05). Based on current results, adding animal or vegetable omega-3 calcium fat powder at the level of 1.5% in old broiler breeder hen’s diet, without negative effect on performance, improve hatchability and yolk fatty acid composition and is economically more affordable.
Keywords: Docosahexaenoic acid, egg production, embryonic mortality, hatchability, yolk fatty acid
1 .
D ,Y _ % Y l ! 6 m c ! - . % ! <%
)*%
6 0 Y ! /0 . %
_ _ 0 S ! +&
15]
! ! 3 0! H8> & .[
! k 21 % 64 8G 3 ' ! 8, /! 9
I` <
& 7 40 8, n 7 o / . % + , / . % Y !
)*%
6 / 0 _ _
0 S ! .
Q S7 ! E i ]^% +
\ ! eE
R- . % / ' . % )*%
0 ! <%
_ _ 0 89 3 0 7
, 89 3 ! 6
. _ 7 ]Z _ M& M %
0 0 M&
7 0 3 _ ! 1 2 ! eE
. % +G +&` & !
2]
.[
' _ ! p 7 ! ,8& \ 8 &
L ) q B p 7 A 8&! ! 0r 7 Z 0
3 4
+&!
S /(
0 4 p
h 0 &
3 / 6 0` & ! ! 1 2 ! eE
a 89 3 !
! c&
19]
.[
m c3 ! _
\ ! ! 0 &
h 3
#$%
8e-
/+ J&
+B &
/7 &
\ c )*%
/0 ]3 + ,
)*%
/6
0 _ _ / 0 S ! M %
&
h )*% ! 7 6
! ! 4]
/ 15 / 17 19 .[
! ! \ 5 R 1
07 &
_ ]Z ! 6 h &
3 / %
!
! 7 9 !
\ +G
! 1 2 !
+ ,
)*%
/6 0 _ ! 4 9 ) ! L 9
.
\ 7 G ! A 8&!
! B 16]
17 .[
6 0 5 F 8 !
& ! 89 3 26
8,
W=& ! Z \! cG ! ! \ 5 5
/ 3 Q Y !
R >
E_ % ! ! 7 Y ! +e 8&
&
h 0 6
3 / e.S Y ! cG /
_ _ 0 S ! )*%
6 a b c 7 ! +' Z ) &
4 ! % ,% . / 9 ! 7 (DHA
Y !
5 0 5
4]
.[
! \ \ 3 l H
_ Q 7 h 0 & 0 4 0 3
6 !
a \7 ! 7 e \7 Q 89 3 ! _ _ 37 RY 4 0
! 9 17]
! 3 .[
\ 5
! !
\ Q 3 Y ! ! Z
\ 8 ! _ ]Z 6
! 89 3 25
! eE Q 8, Y !
)*%
0 ]3
+ , )*%
6 9 23]
) .[
/
\ 3
5
!
\ Q 3 ! Z Y !
\ 8 !
_ 6 0
! <% #$% \ / ! )*%
0 / #$%
8e- _ _ 0 S ! )*%
0 +9 ! 24]
\ 5 .[
E % a ) \ 8 Z W=& cG +& 9 ! ! )*% 6 _ ! Z ( Y ! cG u2 ]3
a . . & /a . . & +' Z a b c 7 !
+e a 9 S & +' Z &
ω6: ω3
!
)*% ! 7 6
! 9 7]
/ 14 16 .[
7 ,8&
! 7 ! L ]^% !
0 7 ! ,8& DJ15 7 Z
_ 7 _ !
E 0 R 4 / P \ & =B /Ri
g * _ ! \!
l L m7 .
0r ! \ 5 Z P G +e % ,8 7 8]
.[
/ !
\ B 7
\ 3 . %
!
Z c _ L _ !
0 ! .
& 0 4 Z h 0
3 7 !
D <. = 7 0 .+& ! _ 5
p 0
h & 0 4 Z w 8*
3 & !
+& 9 P Q ! 6 0! H8>
. . 4 ! !
x HB ! 7 ! ,8&
0 4
&
0
h 3 i & ! 6 _ !
#$%
\S
! 1 2 . %
0 - . % %` & !
3 0! H8> & 7 .! ! _ i >! F 8
y 4 <. = '
&
#$%
! " !
3
$5
Z 4
$5 3
+ , /0 . % ! 1 2 \ 8 Z )*%
6 M %
! 7 h &
)*%
6 Y ! / _ _ 0 S ! \7
_ _ z 89 3 0 89 3 ! 6 7 RY 4 9
) 65 ( 8, P Q 9 .
2 .
7 ! ,8& 7S 60
A 89 3 ! 6 <=>
308 20 K L M. > ! A B <=>
IJ G! H%
! 1% ! 6 <=> & 1% E / % F &
65 8, 3 % i ik% 8 ! ! D
5 ! < eL p 07 5 n ! ! P 2 \ E%
6 . 9 P Q . % + 2 ! 0
! \ 1 20
! < 5 7S _ 125
× 250
8 &
` a cEQ 8 )*%
]3 . 9 p 7 % 0
A B _ !
0 E 3 _ 0
9
/ 3 _ \ ! l H p 7 % 7 n WeY D Y
6 _ RB ! <=i ! _ | <%)
9 Ri8 ( a 7 /
0 k ! L !
I 84 5 7S 0 4 P % ! 7S P % 7
A B a
0 % . 9 ! ,8&
5 7S R 9
1 - % 9 )
> G ! (V 2 - 0 4 _ 5
/ 1
Y ! ! 3
4
$5 Z
V 3 - 0 4 _
&
Y ! !
3 4
$5 Z V
4 - 0 4 _ 5
/ 1
Y ! !
3 3
$5 Z
V\ 8 5 - 0 4 _
&
Y ! !
3 3
$5 Z
\ 8 . A B _
0r W=& & . Q D } \ 1 2770
% (P 3 /0 . ) 71
/ 11 Y ! _ 9 D e % B ! . 9 ]^%
6 ]Z _ !
) 1 ( .+& 9 ! ! \ 5
! + 9 7 0 !
. ! \
Q%
. 9 E% +G 9 0 )*%
6 0
. % 7S 3 ! 9 5
/ ! / 7 D Y
+2 & ! + p _ ~*5 0
S 0 /m 9 /
Y ! 7 % )*%
]3 6 7 ~B 9 A & 0
. 9 e& k '
&
3 0 , )*%
6 /
7S )85 P E 8, 0 E8 7 ! D
E ! <%
)*%
6 7 )*%
6 1% 0
> G) M& + , 0 ! / 8& \ /q7 8&
8 19 R19
! ( p _
S 9 /0 /0 ]3
8 19 B ! D ,Y & 0 n•& 7 % . 9
! 7 n•&
)*%
6 7 ,&
_ 9
€& % 7 %
+>!
001 / 0 P 3 8& . 9 7 % B
8 9
D 48 +2 &
! > • % 0 !
! ! n•& 9
\7 +e 8& ! 7 Y ! E8 ! . 9 7 % )*%
6 . 9 e& k
7S 0 E8 ! '
7 M % 0 3
&
! 7 / ! 7 h 0 0
g 1%
)
g * n•&
7 %
&
a 3 _
\ ! h % 1 8*
9 %
\ 7 P Q 7S
cQ%
9 c G
20 - _ ! 8 &
! 3 Ri8
9 . M % 0 &
h
€& % 8&!
G 3 % ) 07 3
Unicam 4600
/ 5
USA (
5 7S 3
P 2 ! 5 ! + %
A
7 0 3 9
. ' 7
+ > 0 3
_ _ 0 S ! ! <% / 10 ! 2 )*%
6 R >
_ _ 5
) 1% 7 200
! 2 )*%
6 ( 7S 0 E8 !
p _ S 0 b . G !7 3 7 n i8 \ 7 %
8&!
_ _ 5 9 0 E M& € 9 ! .
F -G 1 . /0 +I +%
J$0 4 /, $ $
$G E % % / +?
/ $'30 / : +9 K +
(- ) $G NG -
;%< / : +9 3
(/ % )O ) / +$(
;%< / : +9
3 (P 0 )O ) / $?
0
(- )
5 / 1
(- )
3
(- )
5
/ 1
(- )
3
(- )
S T 19
/ 70 07
/ 64 62
/ 59 62
/ 63 8
/ 58
) ,+ B !>0 44
()$V4 9 - 17
/ 19 48
/ 20 78
/ 19 35
/ 20 67
/ 19
W->? X+Y 49
/ 1 22
/ 5 29
/ 9 80
/ 5 00
/ 10
1$'30 S > 0
75 / 6 32
/ 6 88
/ 5 32
/ 6 06
/ 6
/ : +9 0
50
/ 1 00
/ 3 50
/ 1 00
/ 3
S ' 1$'30
28 / 1 25
/ 1 23
/ 1 24
/ 1 28
/ 1
/>$% , / -Z% [ @%
٭ 50
/ 0 50
/ 0 50
/ 0 50
/ 0 50
/ 0
W Z\ ] 40
/ 0 41
/ 0 41
/ 0 41
/ 0 41
/ 0
F - )$ +$ % 17
/ 0 18
/ 0 19
/ 0 18
/ 0 19
/ 0
F - )$ +^ 4 05
/ 0 06
/ 0 07
/ 0 07
/ 0 07
/ 0
),N$B F - -, 30 -$
0 01
/ 0 02
/ 0 02
/ 0 03
/ 0
$G _`% +% a
a 1'$B+ % [ .
(W ?+3$0/ B 0+3$0) 2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
(- ) )$V4 9
63 / 14 63
/ 14 63
/ 14 63
/ 14 63
/ 14
(- ) W I Y$
05
/ 3 42
/ 3 72
/ 3 46
/ 3 77
/ 3
(- ) W I / :
87 / 2 03
/ 4 25
/ 5 03
/ 4 24
/ 5
(- ) 1$'30
93 / 2 93
/ 2 93
/ 2 93
/ 2 00
/ 3
[ . '
(- ) X
34
/ 0 34
/ 0 34
/ 0 34
/ 0 35
/ 0
(- ))$V '$ +)$ +$ %
66 / 0 67
/ 0 67
/ 0 67
/ 0 67
/ 0
* )$% , : $G W ?+3$0 -6%
#A
4400000 )$ -(
)$% , e/33 B
#D
1400000 )$ -(
)$% , e/33 B
#E
40000 )$ -(
)$% , e/33 B #K
2000
/3$%
#)$% $4 eW ? 1200
/3$%
eW ?
#), f +Y, 4800 /3$%
#-$ ]$>4+ >9 eW ? 6000
/3$%
)$ $ eW ? 22000
/3$%
)$'0 -, $9 eW ? 1600
/3$%
)$B+0 eW ?
#-, 30 400000 /3$%
-$ ]$B+ eW ? 800
/3$%
#)$4+$ eW ? 100
/3$%
eW ? #B12
12 /3$%
N>;>% eW ? 48000
/3$%
eW ? 40000 /3$%
) " eW ? 20000
/3$%
g% eW ? 4000 /3$%
-, eW ? 800 /3$%
#1$>3 eW ? 120 /3$%
.W ?
n•&
)*%
6 ! 8&!
_ _ 5 +G 3 >
Y ! )*%
6 0 /
Y ! _ _
0 S !
)*%
6 0 _ D , % / _ _ \7
0
z 89 3 9
7 0 3 . 9 0! H8> _ % E8 !
_ a . % 0 G H q B c A &
" Q 7 ! ,8& _ _ <=>
)*%
6 Y ! /
)*%
]3 0 _ _ 0 S ! . 9 e& k
! ! P 0 S cG )SAS
4 / 9 ( 0
GLM
) = 0 1
) (
! ! 0 g Y ! )*%
]3 0
+ , )*%
) = (6 2
) (
! ! 0 g D ,Y
_ _ 0 S !
! 7 h &
( cQ%
a
\ 7S
. 9 i %
= ) 1 (
Yijk= µ+Ti+δij+tk+(T*t)ik+ɛijk
= ) 2 (
Yij= µ+Ti+ɛij
= !
Yijk
Yij
5 i / V
/µ
V < _
Ti
V % # /
δij
/ ! 8B 9 R 2 #
n #
3 \ ! D 4 V 5 7S 0
tk
V\ 7 # /
(T*t)ik
V\ 7 % R i8 # / 5 7S 0 =B # /ɛ
.+&
3 .
i 7 RY 4 F 8
#$%
! " !
3 Y ! )*%
]3 \7 /0 )*%
6 + ,
)*%
6 _ ! )
2 ( .+& 9 ! ! \ 5 Y !
)*%
]3 6 0 ]^% 0
_ 9 & 0 4 0
! " ! 7 Y ! )
7 %
\ 3 9 !
) 001 / 0
P<
( 7 3 F 8 d = .
\ 3 Y ! & W=& l H ! m c3
Q 9 % i ! Z
<
Y ! ! )*%
]3 9 0 / . 4 ! W=&
5 / 1
9 % % ,% \S Y ! +& 89
6]
9 .[
‚ R `! 7 1 )*%
]3
=& l H 0 & W
! cG G H 7 ! \! ` / 0 ! Y ! \ c
$%
m c3 . 9 \ ! 0r ! ! ! _
\ ƒ4
+ > L _ !
cG H% 4 7 0r & 8&!
!
20]
! .[
p>
^%
! 0 8k _
0
9 c8 &
B}
! +G +k%
#$%
>
! 3 3]
.[
! / y _ 0 ]Z
`
+ . <G cG c 3
- 6 - /7 % , G c . 1 3
<G
25]
cG .[
$%
€& % 0r 1
. % Q +&
)*%
6 !7 ! J8B
! 9 6 \ ! 0r l H 22]
.[
F -G 2 / $'30 / : +9 K+ $784 .
;%<
3 1D4 C$ $0 @3 A ) / +? % E % E %
65 - 73 (/;
$4 1D4
(- ) _?
1D4 P
(W ?) E % -
+9 -
(/ : +9 -. ) -
a 96 / 62 69
/
70 b
08a
/ 34
ab 33 / 8
5 / 1 -
;%< / : +9 3
/ +$(
1
45a
/ 63 86
/
71 ab
53ab
/ 32
a 74 / 8
3
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ +$(
c 66 / 56 20
/
72 a
79b
/ 30
a 83 / 8
5 / 1
;%< / : +9 - 3
2/ $?
14a
/ 64 27
/
69 c
71ab
/ 32
b 14 / 8
3
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ $?
b 26 / 59 15
/
71 ab
46ab
/ 31
b 82 / 7
٣SEM 61
/ 0 31
/ 0 66
/ 0 14
/ 0
P-value
$4 001
/ 0 <
001 / 0 <
03 / 0 001
/ 0
P % 97
/ 0 04
/ 0 054
/ 0 404
/ 0
P % )$; $%
1 37
/ 61
b 33 / 70 91
/ 32 32
/ 8
P % )$; $%
2 22
/ 61
a 74 / 71 72
/ 31 43
/ 8
$4
× P % 056
/ 0 567
/ 0 42
/ 0 25
/ 0
)$; $% S 4 :a-c
) C />Z% P+ S % i ( 05
/ 0
P<
.(
1 e/ % )O 8=>% . 2
eP 0 )O 8=>% . 3
. :SEM
)$; $% - jI .
Y ! & 0 4 _ l H 4 !
cG Q \7
)*%
6 9 / . 4 ! 0 4 _
5 / 1 \7 3 ! Y ! )*%
6 ! !
) 001 / 0
P<
(.
F 8 R i !
\ 3 m c3
Q \ 8 Z Z l H ! \7 )*%
6 9 2]
/ 6 17 7 ` +e ! _ .[
h 0 &
" e9 Z Z B !
^% Q
\7 )*%
6 ! 9 17]
! .[
<. = 0
\ 9
#$%
+e-
&
h
" e9 Z ) . 8
! 8&
/ &J 1
+&
c8 &
%
• . 0 R 15%
)*%
6 cG ! 11]
. [
D ,% p> !
! _ !
\7 )*%
6 E % R .!
D ,%
! R 15%
% • .
! 7 /+&
1
% R .!
1 9
R 9
a k%
c8 &
% + . . ! +&
11]
17 .[
' 7 #$%
\7 \ 7 )*%
6 8, 0 E8 ! /
6 )85 )*%
6 +9 ! 0 0 E8 +e 0 %
. % P E 8, ! . ! !
p>
! L !
7S
\7 )*%
6 ! P % 3 0 5 7S
5 cG +9 ! _ %
8G `
&
6 0 !
)
! 4 72 8, (
\ c . % )*%
6
R >
_ % +&
13]
.[
! 7 Y ! )*%
6 RY 4 0 6
]^% 0 9
4 ! Y ! & 0 4 _ )
7 %
! 9 \ 3 )
05 / 0
P<
( 7 ! " ! .
' 7 % . 5 5 % ,% ! 7 Y ! ' 8& Y ! )*%
6
< D ,%
9 % 0 !
89 / . 4 ! Y !
8&
! 6 0 ]^%
9
_ 0 4 !
4
%`
7
\ 3
]^%
9 _
0 4 !
3 !
) 001 / 0
P<
(.
! 7S 7 RY 4 F 8 5
\ 3 0 % <. = #$%
Z 0
& 0 4 h 0
3 + , )*%
6 89 !
#$%
8& \7 0 )*%
6 . ! 1 m c3
9 5 ! 7 e d = \7 1]
/ 2 17 . [
\ 3 8G ! cG
$%
0 &
h
Q 7 ) (PUFA
c8 &
% • . .
)
) (VLDL
! RB % +&
u2 J8B ! c8 &
! 9 VLDL
. Q S7 7 VLDL
7 &
0
! 7 )*%
6 /+&
c8 &
%
\S
% Me&
\7 d =
! 7 ! 9 6]
.[
) m c3 9
+&
_ 0 ]Z Z 7 + 2 PUFA
\ c
! 8&
&J / Me&
7
! 7 -
9 . 9 m c3
&
h 3 ) . 8
• .
+' Z
! 8&
!
\ B
#„
+&
1]
. [
D ,%
0 8 1 c G
8&
)*%
6
‚
\ c h &
!
<
! 8&
)*%
6 8
! ! .
\ 5
! ! 9 +&
Z
! _ ! _
Z h 0 & 0 4 0
" e9 Z 3
h]_
) R19 0 3 8&
)*%
6 #
! ]3
9]
. [
) Z
\ 2 a J4 h B 8
/( ! k ) D
#$%
i8 h]_
)
!
% +' Z )
8&
)*%
6
! eE
. 5*
0 8k _
]Z 7 1
2 +&
+ , 8&
)*%
6
#„
+&
/
#$%
! ! ,8& ! Z " \ c 0 ]3
! ! 8 _ 12]
.[
Y ! D ,% + 2 \ 8 9
3 4 ! " ! ! 8&
R .!
#$%
\S D ,8 )ƒ + >
) h]_
+ !
\S R `! 7 1 8 %` 0 8k %
D
! !
$5 . 9 €e%
l H _ 0 4 0 ! W=& !
< cG Q 3 4
+' Z !
) & a 9 S h & " Q (ARA
3
<
h & +e ! 6
3 )
ω6:ω3
(
! 7 ! )*%
6 +e _
9 9 )
001 / 0
P<
V
_ 3 .(
6 ]^% 0 W=& ! 0 4 _ 9
W=& 3 ! 5
/ 1 4 ! Y !
< cG !
! 0 ) a . . & +' Z (ALA
& a b 8 7 ! )
! 7 (DPA
! ! \ 5
) 001 / 0
P<
_ ]^% .(
! Y ! & 0 4 0
< cG Q 3 4 +' Z !
& a b c 7 ! )
(DHA
! 7 & +e
_ ) 9 001 / 0
P<
.(
) a . . & +' Z (LA
6 ! ! 7 ]^% 0
9 _ 0 Y ! & 0 4
3 !
5 / 1 4 ! Y !
+G cG )
01 / 0
P<
( F 8 d = .
\ 3
h & \! cG ! m c3 3
Z )
! 6 _ (\ 8 )*%
]3 cG +' Z
DHA DPA ALA
+e ARA ω6: ω3
! ! 7 )*%
6
9 5
2]
/ 5 / 14 / 15 / 16 17 .[
W=& i 3 5
/ 2 ! \ 8 Z Y !
6 _ )*%
]3 0 8k ! m c3
LA ALA
0 8k 7 %` \ 8 Z !ARA
!DHA
! \ 8 7 %` Z 7]
.[
! 7 ! ! _ h 0 & 9! S )*%
6
R 9 67 h & Y !
" e9 Z 33
& Y !
M % .+& " e9 h +k% D 9
#$%
M %
! ! > ! 6 _ h &
10]
.[
6 0
)*%
]3
B} %
^% ! 7 ! _
! 7 h & M % )*%
6 ! . /
D ^%
0 &
h
! 7 )*%
6 L
+B 1 p 7 %
5 +&
16]
17 .[
0 7
0 &
h
" e9 Z d L 7
0
" e9 Z R L 07 &
\ 3 e ! h & 07 &
. % 9 . p> !
DPA
7 DHA
0 7 &
18 ) ALA
7 ARA
c8 & LA
9
5]
17 ) c S .[
! 3 ! 0 h 0 & ) . 8
3 6 / ! ` + > D i85 R 15% !
!
\S h &
3
\ 2 8 k _ %
! ,8&
! 9 Q
cG +e
DHA:ARA
!
)*%
6 8.! ) c S .! 9 -
6 4 ) c S /7 …&!
! k +2 &
! & c8 &
ARA
+& DHA
.
cG R e% 7 p LA
% i85 ALA
)
) l H . % Q LA
D i85 ARA
\S 0 7 1 ! 9
4]
/ 5 17 .[
_ l H ! " ! 0 4 0
3
3 4
8, +5 D
)*% Y ! 0 #$%
6 /+9 0 . 4 !
_ _ Y ! )*% 0 S !
cG 6
) ! ! _ D , % Y ! 05
/ 0
P<
V _ 4 .(
6 ]^%
_ 0 4 0
5 / 1 ! Y ! &
_ _ \7 0 #$% 4 z 89 3 0
Q 3 ! l H . /+9 9
\S \7 9
) 05 / 0
P<
.(
F 8 5
\ 3 W=& \! cG
!
Y ! E r _ \ 8 Z
! )*%
]3 18]
W=& \! cG /[
! Y ! Z
! 6 _ ! \ 8 89 3
24]
W=& [
&
Y ! Z
_ ! )*% ! 6
]3 21] [
#$%
_ _ ! 8e- )*% 0 S !
6 0
D , % _
\7 _ _ 0 z 9 a
7 . ! m c3 . 4 !
B / \ 3
< #$%
0 !
! <%
)*%
0 15]
24
[
_ D , % 15]
18 . ! 1 5 [
F -G 3 / $'30 / : +9 K+ $784 .
;%<
3 1D4 k : -$ [, 9 ) / +? % E % E %
65 - 73 (/;
$4 ]$VB+>$B-$ )/3$%W? /W?(
]$>B+>$B -$ )/3$%W? /W?( ]$-$"-$ )/3$%W? /W?(
]$^+>9+0-$ )/3$%W? /W?(
]$^+N;+0-$ )/3$%W? /W?(
;% k: -$ K+!%6
-$ K+!% ;% k:3
ω6/ ω3
(/ : +9 -. ) -
c 05 / 26
c 53 / 0
d 63 / 4
d 31 / 0
c 11 / 1
c 67 /
c 31 24 /
a 2 17 / 14
5 / 1
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ +$(
١
87ab
/ 32
bc 86 / 0
b 18 / 5
cd 50 / 0
b 02 / 2
ab 66 /
b 40 86 /
b 3 69 / 10
3
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ +$(
bc 23 / 32
b 06 / 1
c 91 / 4
b 97 / 0
a 11 / 3
abc 88 /
a 39 75 /
c 5 96 / 6
5 / 1
;%< / : +9 - 3
٢/ $?
80bc
/ 28
b 05 / 1
a 53 / 5
c 60 / 0
b 83 / 1
bc 42 /
b 36 05 /
bc 4 99 / 8
3
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ $?
a 78 / 38
a 90 / 1
b 19 / 5
a 37 / 1
a 03 / 3
a 29 /
a 46 78 /
c 6 84 / 6
٣SEM 69
/ 1 12
/ 0 02
/ 0 07
/ 0 15
/ 0 29 / 1 18 / 0 46 / 0
P-value 01
/ 0 001 / 0 001 / 0 <
001 / 0 <
001 / 0 <
003 / 0 001 / 0 <
001 / 0 <
)$; $% S 4 :a-c
/>Z% P+ S % i ( ) C
05 / 0
P<
.(
1 . e/ % )O 8=>%
2 eP 0 )O 8=>% . 3
. :SEM
jI )$; $% - .
F -G 4 / $'30 / : +9 K+ $784 .
;%<
3 G+G P /32%-$B+4 @3 A ],
) / +? % E % 65
- 73 (/;
$4 1D4
E %
(- )
G+G
"
1D4 E %
(- )
/>$>G S 34
(- )
l / +? G+G P
-
(W ?)
- (/ : +9 -. )
56 / 91
b 12 / 43
a 89 / 56
a 09 / 48
5 / 1
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ +$(
١
21 / 80
a 57 / 60
b 43 / 39
a 96 / 48
3
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ +$(
63
/ 72
a 84 / 62
b 69 / 34
a 50 / 47
5 / 1
;%< / : +9 - 3
٢/ $?
46
/ 61
a 59 / 62
b 41 / 37
b 78 / 42
3
;%< / : +9 - 3
/ $?
80
/ 72
a 23 / 60
b 78 / 39
b 16 / 41
٣SEM 99
/ 6 71
/ 2 71
/ 3 81
/ 0
P-value 085
/ 0 001
/ 0 006
/ 0 0001
/ 0
)$; $% S 4 :a-c
) C />Z% P+ S % i ( 05
/ 0
<
(.P
1 . e/ % )O 8=>%
2 eP 0 )O 8=>% . 3
. :SEM
)$; $% - jI .
+ iG Q 8 _ _ S G c S
7 0! <% €& % 5
)*% €e% R 2 ]^% M % _ 7 6
)*% 0 6
<%
! 9 21]
D <. = F 8 .[
^% +& ! ! \ 5
_ h & ! )
3 ( & e D ^%
! 7 h d L 7 ! #„
% + >
_ _ 0 S ! / Y ! 9 / _ h & ) . 8
7 9 #„ _ 6]
17 9 .[
#$%
0 !
)*% ! 7 h & 0 8k 6
0
0 . % _ _ ! eE Q _ D , % 0 S !
.+& 9 <. = !
